
I Would Rather Write a Victory
Let me start with a confession that has nothing to do with dates.
When I decided to write this part, I wanted to give you a triumph. Ghana needs stories where the good side wins, and Yaa Asantewaa is the story we reach for. It has a queen, a siege, a rallying cry and a hidden treasure.
But the record does not give me a clean victory, and this series promised you the record. So I will tell you what happened, including the parts that hurt. I think the real story is stronger than the one I wanted to write.
Wide Shot: A Kingdom Without Its King
Start wide, on Kumasi in the 1890s. The streets are the same, the markets are the same, but something has gone missing from the centre.
In 1896, the British led an expedition into Kumasi, forced the Asantehene Prempeh I to submit, exiled him to the Seychelles, and built a British fort administered in Kumasi. A kingdom’s centre of gravity had been removed, and the people were left to carry on without it.
Strange as it sounds, the early years of this arrangement were calm. One account notes that the governor who later caused the explosion was at first greeted as a respected diplomat, with children singing “God Save the Queen” and full hospitality extended. I mention it because it complicates the picture again. This was not a nation spoiling for a fight. It was a nation trying to live with a bad situation.
Then came March 1900.
Zoom: The Demand
Move in on a hall in Kumasi and a governor on a chair.
Governor Frederick Hodgson arrived in Kumasi on 25 March 1900 with a small force of British soldiers and local levies. He gave a speech, and its first message was a blow: their king Prempeh I would not be released from exile.
Then he asked a question that history has never forgiven. By the traditional account, he demanded to know where the Golden Stool was and why it had not been brought for him to sit upon. Hodgson insisted that as the Queen’s representative in the Gold Coast, he had a rightful seat on it.
To understand why that sentence lit a fuse, you need to know what the Stool is. The Golden Stool symbolically and ceremonially unifies the Asante clans. It is the most important artefact in Asante culture, and new kings are carried over it without actually touching it. Nobody sits on it — not even the king.
Hodgson saw a throne, a trophy and a lever of power. The Asante saw the soul of the nation. Even the British had doubts about the demand afterwards. The Colonial Secretary, Joseph Chamberlain, was questioned extensively about whether Hodgson had actually been given permission to demand the Stool.
Here, in one sentence, is the colonial mindset I defined in Part 1. It is the belief that anything sacred is simply a thing, and that a thing can be taken by whoever is strongest.
Close‑Up: A Council Room at Night
Now the camera moves into a room with a low lamp and a worried silence.
The chiefs have met in secret. Their king is gone, their Stool has been demanded, and nobody wants to be the first to say the dangerous thing. After Prempeh I’s exile, Yaa Asantewaa had become regent of the Ejisu–Juaben district.
Then a woman stands up.
Her words survive in several versions, and I will not pretend to give you a single exact transcript. The tradition records her asking how a proud and brave people could sit and watch while their king and chiefs were taken, and then be humiliated with a demand for the Golden Stool. She said this at the meeting, and the speech is recorded as her rallying cry.
Some chiefs hesitated, and she did not. In many tellings, the men who would not fight were shamed by a woman who would. I cannot confirm every detail of that scene, but I believe the spirit of it, because what happened next required exactly that courage.
The Siege
Beginning in March 1900, the rebellion laid siege to the British fort at Kumasi, where the British had taken refuge. The fort still stands today as the Kumasi Fort and Military Museum. The army she is said to have led numbered about 5,000, though figures in this period are estimates.
Cut off, the British inside suffered. The Asante trapped them and cut off their food, water and communication. As supplies dwindled, Hodgson and over a hundred others fled the fort.
Micro‑Story: Rations
The scene below is reconstructed. The man in it is invented, but the hunger is not.
Imagine a clerk inside the fort with a ledger and a sack that gets lighter every morning.
He is not a soldier. He copies orders and counts supplies. For weeks he has written the same entry in slightly different words: less than yesterday.
He can hear them outside. Not shouting. Waiting.
At first he thought of the siege as a problem for the soldiers. Now it is the only fact in the world, and it has taught him something he never planned to learn. The people on the other side of that wall are not a rumour. They are a nation, and they have decided.
The Cost
Here is the hard part I promised you.
The war ended in British victory in 1900, with Yaa Asantewaa captured and banished to the Seychelles. She and fifteen of her closest advisers were exiled. In 1902, the British proclaimed Asante a colony under the governor of the Gold Coast.
Yaa Asantewaa died in exile in the Seychelles on 17 October 1921. She never saw home again.
By any military measure, the Asante lost. If this series only counted battles, I would end this part here.
What Did Win?
Because something did survive.
The Asante retained control of the Golden Stool. The tradition says that a fake was handed over while the real one stayed hidden, though that detail rests on weaker sources, and I flag it as tradition rather than proven fact.
The Stool’s survival was not smooth even after the war. One account says workers stripped the Stool of its golden ornaments, and it was eventually restored and used in the crowning of Asantehene Prempeh II in 1935. The thing they fought for nearly did not make it.
And the kingdom outlasted its loss. Prempeh I returned to Kumasi in 1924 to rapturous applause. The Asante Confederation was restored in 1935.
So what did the war achieve? It did not stop colonial rule. What it protected, I think, was the thing colonial rule could not take without changing what it was taking. The Stool stayed Asante, and a nation that keeps its centre can rebuild around it.
What This Teaches Us
Symbols are not decoration. What a people refuses to hand over tells you what they believe they are. A country that cannot name what it would defend does not yet know itself.
A lost battle is not a lost story. The war was lost, the queen was exiled, and yet her name is still spoken, here and abroad, more than a century later. Some victories show up late, and some are measured in what survives.
Courage often begins as an unpopular sentence. She spoke when others hesitated. Most of us will never face a governor. We will face a smaller room where someone must say the thing everyone is thinking, and we will have to choose.
Next Time
The Stool was saved, the queen was exiled, and the colony was sealed.
Then the world changed. Two global wars, ex‑soldiers coming home with questions, and a generation of young Ghanaians who had learned something abroad that nobody wanted them to know.
In Part 6: The Dawn of Independence, a march of ex‑servicemen in Accra, a crowd, and a single afternoon that the colonial government would never be able to take back.
A Note on Sources and Method
Dates and events in this series come from the historical record. Where accounts differ, as they do on the exact wording of Yaa Asantewaa’s speech and some of the stories around the Golden Stool, I say so. Scenes marked as reconstructed, such as the clerk in the fort, are written to carry feeling, not to claim documentation. Corrections from readers are welcome.
Sources and further reading:
- “War of the Golden Stool” and “Yaa Asantewaa,” Wikipedia and their cited sources
- Equal Justice Initiative, “July 17, 1900: Kumasi surrenders to British forces under Sir Frederick Hodgson”
- Library of Congress Country Studies: Ghana
- Jean Allman and Victoria Tashjian, I Will Not Eat Stone: A Women’s History of Colonial Asante
- F.K. Buah, A History of Ghana



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