Say It As It Is: Why the Mining Lease of Goldfields Ghana Ltd Must Be Renewed but with a difference

General
Goldfields Ghana Ltd, a major a corporate citizen of Ghana, as the risk or legal owner of the Tarkwa Concession with the support of Global Goldfields Ltd and the Ghana Chamber of Mines, is seeking further extension of the lease of Tarkwa Concession, for an additional 20 years. But some people have campaigned that Ghana should not renew it at all. According to them, Ghana has the men, the competencies and resources to manage her national affairs. Hmm Really?

So we are told that we have the men, hmm maybe macho men or persons who can shout choi boi, yene breh qowu or who can insult others to gain power. Hence, at the microeconomic level, we ended with mismanagement of some Ghanaian banks with our family and friends or owner business syndrome in our DNA.

Our DNA, has made some of our business people to be unwilling to partner or accept merging with others, for among other reasons to synergy strategy and resources, share of risks or as a de-risk measure. So, in our national politics or way of life, are the national cankers of dishonesty, greediness, arrogance and or ignorance with an affiliate-first government system, laced with corruption and egotism.

So at the microeconomic level, among others this has led to the 2018 financial crisis which started in 2013/14, because my security guards and I had a problem of getting GN Bank, the Bogoso branch, to pay us in 2013/14. So we had to navigate to Fiaseman or Bogoso Rural Bank, to receive our wages.

This is the true story of Ghana, because we saw a video of a customer of a financial institution I guessed a bank, se was a woman with her baby being harassed or beaten by a Policeman on the orders of the management of the bank, for just for demanding for the Bank to honor the payment of her cheque.

Also some of us have lost our investments made with Fund Managers. Hmm, it has not been easy for some of us, since then, since some of us are not on pension at all, hence we have lost our lifeline. We are only in existence due to the mercy of God. So, thanks to God and my benefactors.

Come to the nation or macroeconomic level, we were told that we have the men but when given the chance due to the make of our DNA, we failed to act appropriately including when the signs were glare for an earlier option for IMF Bailout but with arrogance or was it ignorance, we had the audacity to say that we will not go to the IMF for bailout, this led to a disaster.

So, we ended up by putting Ghana in an air ambulance to the IMF for bailout, hence, the associated prescription of a Domestic Debt Exchange Program by the IMF. Hmm, at the end of the IMF’s Bailout in 2026, at the age of 69 years old, Ghana still wants to maintain the romance with IMF up to 2029, to be whipping her in line or is it for credibility?. Cry the Beloved Country with apology to Allen Paton.

So Why the Lease must be renewed

So, besides the IMF, Ghana urgently needs Goldfield Ltd for Credibility. Since one of the most important reasons, is the character or the characteristics of Ghana, not reliable due to inconsistency. Also is the problem of Ghanaians always want to be sole owners of businesses as such they die with the businesses, so Ghana needs well organized Companies like Goldfields Ghana Ltd besides for credibility, to show case that Ghana is maturing due to the appreciation of the metaphor of one by her great ancestor namely Dr Kawgir Aggrey that the white and black keys of a piano are needed for good melody. This speaks of partnership or collaboration with outsider(s) or foreigner(s) especially, the fact that Large Scale Mining is capital intensive, highly sophisticated and very risky.

Large Scale Mining is unlike Small Scale Mining alias Galamasey (Artisanal Mining), hence one man show or an unskilled business. So Small Scale Mining was clearly defined by the PNDC/IMF/World Bank, who are the originators of Small Scale Mining in Ghana in 1986 with or at Section 77 of the Minerals and Mining Law 1986 (PNDCLaw 153), otherwise by Encyclopedias or the Internet, as a method of mining with no use of sophisticated technology, no use of substantial money and restricted or reserved for locals. As clearly defined by the PNDC at Section 21 of the original Small Scale Gold Mining Law 1989 (PNDC Law 218).

So, the poor understanding of the enemy or the characteristics of Small Scale Mining is causing a serious disaster, especially the clear existential threat to mankind. This poor understanding of the enemy is creating a deep state of over 4 million people including Chinese in the Small Scale Mining Sector, this has culminated in the failure to declare a state of emergency as provided at Clause 9 of Article 31 of the 1992 Constitution to deal with the enemy. To appreciate the enemy of Ghana, Google and Read Review the Laws on Small Scale Mining by Dr Tony Aubyn, an erudite Scholar and a product of Goldfields Ghana Ltd. So we need Goldfields Ltd to give us more scholars like Dr Tony Aubyn and others.

Retired Major Mohammed Bogobiri, as a former Senior Military Officer and former Security Superintendent of a Multinational Large Scale Mining Company, namely Golden Star Bogoso Prestea Ltd, wish to add that for success in Large Scale Mining, you need good discipline or good governance and team spirit or partnership for success. This in line with the great metaphor of Dr Kwagir Aggrey that both the black and white keys of a piano are needed to be played for good melody. Ghanaians’ DNA has no good discipline to comply with both local and International Standards. But Goldfields Ghana Ltd with global image, due to the support of Global Goldfield Ltd and the Ghana Chamber of Mines comply with both local and International Standards. So Goldfields Ghana Ltd is needed for besides transfer of expertise or contributing to the economy, to teach us business ethics or ethical standards.

So, retired Major Mohammed Bogobiri, begs to differ from the ugly noises against the renewal of the Lease of Goldfields Ghana Ltd, as such the writer calls for the Renewal of the lease but with a difference as stated below under recommendations. So before expounding on the topic, it is very important to say something about Gold ore and Gold Mining or the exploitation cycle of Gold Mine, for you to understand that Large Scale Mining is not a joke business for experiments. Note, Ghana cannot honestly organize a simple national election, when the Constitution is clear that elections are won at the pooling stations but due to the cheating in our DNA, we have adopted cheating acts to win elections, so we are still in the experimenting or the try and error stage.

Folks, Minerals reserves, say gold ore reserves are classified based on geological confidence and technical/economic study. So it is either Proved Ore or Probable Ore, then by the extraction viability. Hence, exploiting these reserves involved initial Reconnaissance, then Prospecting, Exploration and Mining Planning, to target whether to adopt Surface Mining or Underground Mining extraction, what metallurgical processing method to recover valuable minerals and how to conduct the reclamation of the disturbed land.

Proven Gold Ore reserves denote the highest confidence class. This is based on detailed and reliable exploration data by closely spaced drilling. These reserves allow for confident mining planning and are tied to a definitive feasibility study. Probable Gold Ore reserves, on other hand denote moderate confidence based on sufficient geological evidence but lack the details required to be classified as proved (Proven Gold Ore reserves). Hence, generally tied to Pre-feasibility studies.

The Method of exploitation or extraction or mining, depends on the minerals ore depth, shape, and grade. So two methods are used. It is either by Surface Mining or Underground Mining.

Surface Mining is in three methods namely (a). Open pit, this is highly mechanized and suited for large scale operations. Or (b). Placer mining, this is used for valuable minerals like gold in river beds or gravels deposits by utilizing water and gravity to separate dense minerals from sediments. The Ghana’s old Dunkwa Gold Dredging Mining Company, used this method termed as dredging. Or lastly (c). Strip mining this involves stripping away layers of soil, and rocks to expose the underlying ore. This method is primarily used in coal mining.

Underground Mining on the other hand, is used for deep, high grade deposits, where surface mining is no longer economically viable or environmentally practicable. It is either by (a). Open stopping, or (b) by caving that is by block or sublevel or (c.), by Cut and fill mining.

Mining Exploitation cycle involves (a). Firstly, Exploration and resources modelling with geologist drilling and sampling the area to model the ore body’s geometry and mineral grade using special software, Secondly or next is (b). By Mining planning by design planners to design the extraction sequences, determine the cut off grades and calculate, the strip ratio for open pits to ensure operations remain profitable. Then (c) Extraction by drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling ore from the mining site to the Stockpile of the processing facilities or the Gold Plant for (d). The Metallurgical Processing or Beneficiation at the Gold Plant.

For the Metallurgical Processing or Beneficiation at the Gold Plant, the ore is crushed by the crusher after that the crushed material by conveyor belt goes to the Ball Mill for grounding, then moved by conveyor belt to the two areas depending on type of ore whether impregnated with oxide or sulphide or as refractory or non-refractory ore it will be subjected to either by chemical treatment in tanks (by using leaching using carbon or by Oxidation, or Cyanidation with cyanide , or by biological treatment hence Biox-oxidation tanks with use of bacteria.

Otherwise by physical treatment by gravity with Trommel, gravity or shaking table or by Nelson Concentrator. Hence it is either by leaching, or floatation in Tanks or by gravity through a Trommel or a shaking tale for the valuable metal from waste rock. Lastly, is the Reclamation, by restoring the mined land to a safe, environmentally stable state, once the ore is depleted.

Let me make it very clear that by Company law, Goldfields Ghana Ltd, and not Goldfields Ltd is the risk owner of the Tarkwa Concession. Goldfields Ghana Ltd is a Limited Liability Ghanaian Company, hence a Ghanaian Corporate Citizen. As stated is the legal owner or holder/risk owner of the Tarkwa Concession with a local Board and not a South African Company alien to laws of Ghana, since it is incorporated in Ghana, as the legal holder of the Tarkwa Concession. Goldfields Ghana Ltd has her headquarters in Accra hence it is not the same as Goldfields Ltd with Headquarters in Johannesburg. So linking Goldfields Ghana Ltd to the xenophobic attacks of Ghanaians is ungodly.

The legal entity as Goldfields Ghana Ltd was established in Ghana in 1993 to hold mining rights and operate the Tarkwa concession with her Corporate HQ at No 7 Amilcar Cabral Road, Airport Residential Area and not Johannesburg in South Africa. As such, Goldfields Ghana Ltd’s stakeholders are the host Government of Ghana/the environment, the host Communities/environment in the Western Region particular, the rest of the people of and environment of Ghana (for area of operations, local workforce and support services for services or as local suppliers in the value chain and lastly the Shareholders of Goldfields Ghana Ltd namely Iam Gold, the Government of Ghana and global Goldfields Ltd including Ghanaians. .

The truth must be told that Goldfields Ltd, which is the main or majority shareholder of Goldfields Ghana Ltd, is an international Company with no single owner as in the initially stage. It is now with global shareholders including Ghanaians. So, legally, there are vast differences between the original Goldfields of South Africa which was founded in 1887 by Ceil Rhodes and Charles Rudd in a small town called Sandton now in the City of Johannesburg and Goldfields Ltd or Goldfields Ghana Ltd.

The unfortunate, sin of Goldfields Ltd is that it was founded in 1887 in South Africa and remain Headquartered in Johannesburg. But Global Goldfields Ltd was formed in 1998 with amalgamation of gold assets of Goldfields South Africa and Gengold sometimes as Grencor Ltd.

So, Goldfields Ltd is an international diversified publicly traded company, trading in both the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange, it does not have single corporate owner, and instead it is owned by a diversified mix of global institutional corporation such as the Public Investment Corporation, Pension Funds, Van Eric Associates, Black Rock, and the Vanguard Group and individual retail shareholders including some Ghanaians.

The world is a global village with good communication by the IT revolution or the Internet, so the shares of Goldfields Ltd are available on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange to Ghana, Pension Funds, or Ghanaians for purchase and trading.

So, a very important aspect that gives Goldfields Ltd, a global character is that it is listed in Johannesburg Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange with rules or standing orders on probity, transparency, accountability and inclusivity among others business ethics.

Global Goldfields Ltd, Growth Efforts are focused mainly on in the Continent and the regions of her operations. In Africa, hence in South Africa and Ghana, where it currently operates, growth is to be driven by exploration on existing land positions and through mergers and or acquisition in the same region. So let us pray for Goldfields Ghana Ltd and Rocksure International or E&P to partner or merge one day.

So for some Ghanaians, describing Goldfields Ltd purely a South Africa Company overlooks its international standing, since it is a globally diversified gold producer with complex Modern ownership. as stated, including institutional funds or pension funds and private investors with operations in three continents and numerous regional operations in Africa (both West Africa and South Africa), in South America, (in Chile and Peru) and in North America in Canada.

To drive my point home, that Goldfields Ltd is not purely a South Africa Company, let me say that the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA), an African, Continental trading platform was/is incorporated in Ghana and with the permanent Headquarters in Ghana, this does not logically makes it a Ghanaian Organization but a Continental one. . So linking Goldfields Ghana Ltd to the xenophobic attacks of Ghanaians is ungodly.

Goldfields Ltd, has a character of an internationally traded publicly listed company by trading in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). So it is owned by global shareholders, with operations in Ghana through special purpose vehicle or a joint venture as Goldfields Ghana Ltd. Hence Goldfields Ghana Ltd. is a Corporate Citizen of Ghana with the equity held as follows, Iam Gold of Canada 18.9% global Goldfields Ltd 71.1%, both with liability and the Ghana Government, 10 percent carried interest hence no liability.

By the mining laws of Ghana, the government has a further option to acquire a special share in a mining company for no consideration or in exchange for such consideration as the government and the company may agree with. So the Government if it has the cash in US Dollars and ready to take the risk, may opt to buy more stake in Goldfields Ghana Ltd.

The possibility also exist for Goldfields Ghana Ltd and Rocksure International of Mr Kwasi Ofori or E&P of Mr Ibrahim Mahama or Heath Gold or Dr Kwabena Duffour or Maripoma mining of Mr Ali Seidu or BCM International (or Nguvu group) of Ms Angela List or Ofori Poku Company Ltd of Mr Ofori Poku, to merge one day or form a partnership for a Better Ghana Agenda. Ghana needs the operations of Goldfields Ltd in Ghana due to her expertise, capital and image in the global arena, especially in the mining sector.

So modern day Goldfields Ltd cannot and must not be described as a South Africa Company but a global Company, since Goldfields Ltd evolved into a global diversified gold producer with operations in Australia where it has four mines, in Canada one mine on 50:50 equity holding, Chile with one mine, in Ghana before April 2026, it had two mines, now only one in Tarkwa, in Peru, with one mine and in South Africa with one mine.

History tells that Goldfield Ltd and I am Gold Ltd in 1993, bought the Tarkwa Underground Mine and through Goldfields Ghana Ltd as a special purpose vehicle, operated it up to 1999 and placed it under care and maintenance and opted for Open Pit or Large Scale Surface Mining with initial development through costly exploration to the current in mining operations with the hope of future developments through explorations or mergers etc. .

Later on, it started the mining operations through Contractors like AMS, BCM and E&P, as the Company’s own business model, among others to reduce cost and labour problems especially demonstrations to make demands. So her earlier doing business with E&P others was not by legal or national policy requirement. Abosso Goldfields Ltd was bought by Goldfield Ltd and I am Gold Ltd in 2002, from Rangers Minerals NL. Gold fields has contributed substantially in the economy of Ghana and the development of Ghana including business of Ghanaians. So Ghana needs Goldfields Ltd and Goldfields Ltd need Ghana for a healthy romance.

Besides earlier massive contributions to the economy of Ghana by Goldfields Ghana Ltd. Available records indicate that from 2020 to 2024, the revenue generated for Ghana by Goldfields Ghana Ltd, were as follows: corporate taxes of 802 Million US Dollars, Royalties, was 296.3 Million US Dollars, Dividend of 122.8 Million US Dollars, PAYE 131 Million US Dollars, SSNIT contribution component of about 10 Million US Dollars. Not talking of the expenditure by the Company, the Staff and associates.

As part of the concept of Responsible Mining, so to meet the interest of the host communities and the associated environment, Goldfields Ghana Ltd in 2002, as the first Company in Ghana, established a foundation as Goldfields Foundation and has so far invested over 100 million dollars in health, roads, Agric projects, water and sanitation projects since 2002 within her catchment areas to the benefits of host communities.

Besides the Goldfields Ghana Ltd’s Hospital in her yard, schools in the her enclave, notably renovated projects include, the expansion of the Tarkwa Government Hospital, this was done with 17 Million US Dollars, 15 million US dollars to the Ghana Black star in 2006 for both the African and World Cups. Tarred Tarkwa to Damang road, rehabilitated the T &A Stadium with about 17 Million US Dollars.

It has a Work force of over 7,000 in-house or direct staff and contractors, with 70 percent from the host communities. Suppliers from the host communities are made of 70 percent through local procurement, and Goldfields Ghana Ltd is supporting Ghanaian businesses and suppliers.

So, Goldfields Ghana Ltd has been the vital foundation for the growth of numerous Ghanaian Companies. Through awarding Contract mining operations in the field or mining pit through drilling, blasting, heaping or stock piling the pit, loading and hauling to the waste dump if waste material or id with gold ore to the Stockpile or Crusher of the Metallurgical Process Plant or awarding Logistics and Service Providers with juicy contracts.

So, through Goldfields Ghana Ltd, Contract mining experience was gained by the Ghanaian Companies, like E&P, BCM International etc thus provided the Ghanaian Companies with technical capacity, fleet expansion and credibility required to take on larger mining projects.

Ghanaian Companies which had the vital foundation by Goldfields Ghana Ltd, include (a). E&P of Mr Ibrahim Mahama, effective 2001, at Zone 2 at Akontansi, then effective 2010 at Abosso Goldfields Ltd, Damang Mine (b). BCM International of Ms Angela List, initially with BCM at Zone 1 at Terberebie effective 2001.

BCM is the Company of Mr Paul List, the former husband of Ms Angela List. She joined BCM, as an Executive Leader from KMPG. So, Ms Angela List’s rise to prominence is tied to Goldfields Ghana Ltd Tarkwa Mine and under her executive leadership that she is the owner of Nguvu Gold which operates or operated in three continents or seven countries including Ghana with Adamus or Nzima Gold Mine, Northern Ashanti Gold Ltd or Konongo Gold Mine.

Others who benefited from Goldfields Ghana Ltd, in the growth of their Companies, are Zen Petroleum of Mr William Tawiah, Western Transport Services, Mr Yerankyi Estate Company, Gasso Petroleum.

History tells that Goldfields Ghana Ltd, has made Ghana very proud by producing two prominent Ghanaian ladies or women as trailblazers in the Mining Sector. The first is Ms Angela List as stated above Ms Angela List’s rise to prominence is tied to Goldfields Ghana Ltd Tarkwa Mine.

The second lady or woman is my sister, Dr Catherine Kuupol Kuutor, as the first female Mine Manager and General Manager in the Mining Industry. She became Mine Manager in May 2024, she was a colleague when were both with Golden Star Resources Ghana, effective 2004 to 2014 or so, initially as laboratory metallurgist and occupied various senior position before she moved to Abosso Goldfields Ltd Damang Mine to assume as Plant Superintendent in 2014. Later on as the first Female Metallurgical Manager

As stated Goldfields Ghana Ltd is a key Corporate Citizen of Ghana, with Ghanaians in the Commanding heights since 2002, when Mr Alfred Baku, joined as Mining Engineer and rose to Executive Vice President and Head of West Africa Operations.

Current Ghanaian personalities in Goldfields Ghana Ltd, include Lawyer Michael Edem Akafia, Vice President for External Affairs at Goldfields, include legal affairs/compliance and business operations, then Mr Elliot Twum, as Senior Vice President and MD. Next is Dr Celestina Allotey as Vice President for ESQ Strategy, and Integration (Group), then Dr Catherine Kuupol Kuutor, Tarkwa, as General Mine Manager Goldfields Ghana Ltd Tarkwa Mine. Ms Adelaide Arthur, Ms Emma Morrison both as media Team members.

Once again, let me say that the success story of Ms Angela List’s mining operations, E&P of Mr Ibrahim Mahama’s mining operations, Zen Petroleum as supplier of Petroleum product in the Service Industry of the Economy of Ghana are due to the operations of Goldfields Ltd in Ghana via Goldfields Ghana Ltd. Hence, the vital foundation/success of E&P of Mr Ibrahim Mahama, Zen Petroleum of Mr William Tawiah and Ms Angela List’s mining operations are tied to Goldfields Ltd in Ghana through Goldfields Ghana Ltd, the special purpose vehicle.

Besides these businesses of these local tycoons, Goldfields Ghana Ltd has played key role in the success story of Western Transport Services. Gasso Petroleum, some catering houses and some medical and some security service providers, Estate Developers/ owners of hotels including Dr Yerankyi and other Ghanaian businesses in the value chain.

The strategy of global Goldfields Ltd hence Goldfields Ghana Ltd is in three pillars namely (a) Operational Excellence, (b) Grow Goldfields among others by exploration and development growth and de-risk through technical or financial partnership. By the strategy, Grow Goldfields in the region global Goldfields Ltd operates, especially the strategy of de-risk through technical or financial partnership in the DNA of global Goldfields, hence it is envisaged that if Ghana renews the mining right of Goldfields Ghana Ltd Tarkwa, both Goldfields Ghana Ltd and E&P may one day form partnership or merge.

The third pillar is to Secure, the future by ensuring the sustainability of the business through an efficient safety and health policies of commitment to environmental stewardship, good stakeholders relationship, obedience of human rights and ethics, see to the employees development, attraction and retention of critical skilled employees for shared value, by ensuring business and social needs are not joked with.

Thus the DNA of Goldfields, is to ensure to mine in a very responsible manner with care for the environment and all of the stakeholders especially the host community, host government, employees, shareholders in order to create enduring shared value from gold mining for all of her Stakeholder (host community, host government, employees, and shareholders).

An important matter in the DNA of the Company is the mantra or philosophy that ‘if we cannot mine safely, we will not mine’. Hence, Safety First No Excuse. The Company has in her DNA, of a commitment to pay dividend with a dividend pay first policy of 25 to 35 percent of normalized gain. So Ghana through the Ghana Chamber of Mines to support Goldfields Ghana Ltd to float shares in the Ghana Exchange Market for host communities and Ghanaians at large to buy shares enjoy the benefits from the operations of Goldfields Ghana Ltd.

Recommendations
The Minerals and Mining Law 1986 (PNDC Law 153), was a legal framework that overhauled the mining industry by offering foreign companies tax incentives, foreign exchange retention and guaranteed mining rights with the government of Ghana with 10 percent current interest or no financial. The current Minerals and Mining Law Act 2006 (Act 703) is the consolidation of the PNDC Laws on Mining. So not much different. Hence a decorated donkey is still a donkey. The few changes are the size of mining rights or concession with the oscillating royalty rate since 2010.

So, a refusal to renew the lease of Goldfields Ghana Ltd, if the Company met the legal requirements, would dampen Investors’ confidence in Ghana, since under the Mining laws of Ghana, the renewal of mining lease, is a must requirement, once the holder herein Goldfields made application for renewal which is in material compliance with the obligations under the lease and provisions. The varying matter is the royalty rate, initially as 12 percent between 1986 and April 2006 and now at sliding rate from 5 to 12 percent depending on the World or Spot Price or acquisition of more shares by Ghana.

So as stated, mining is capital intensive, urgent need for expertise, and good discipline or governance for the Mining Sector, so if Security of the lease of Goldfields Ltd a global giant,, is not guaranteed, it will hamper investor confidence and interest, hence inflows into the sector. So what Ghana has to do is to demand better terms including transfer of skills to Ghanaian and strengthening of the local participation.

It must be noted whether Goldfields Ghana Ltd, Heath Gold Ltd or Newmont Ghana Ltd or E&P or Zen Petroleum or ABSA Bank, a responsible government, especially in a resetting Ghana Agenda, is required to do stringent or strictest or proper scrutiny to ensure more benefits to Ghana and host communities, so this is what Ghanaians must demand, so not by as business as usual,.

Ghanaians must demand through the Government to get Goldfields to floats shares in the local Stock Market, commit to Deeping investments in host communities, and inject substantial capital for exploration and to upgrade its mining fleet and equipment for the next two decades to support the 24 hour economy.

Goldfields to see to employ more Ghanaians, enter into Partnership with E&P or Rocksure International or Maripoma Gold Mining Company Ltd or Heath Gold Ltd, or Ms Angela List’s Nguvu Gold Group to transfer expertise in order to create more chances for Ghana and in the mining sector.

The people of the host communities must also see the importance of education, so that their Girl child could become type Ms Angela List or Dr Catherine Kuupol Kuutor, a Northerner from Nadom, or a Dargatte as GM of Tarkwa Mine. So a challenge to them. Of course, the Dargetis deserved the post, since they have contributed greatly in the Underground Mine Working of Tarkwa and Prestea under former State Gold Mining Company. So we have Dargetis Compounds in Tarkwa, Prestea etc. So, Dr Catherine Kuupol Kuutor must be the proud of the North, hence must be commended and awarded with a prestige award.

Lastly, the Government must come out with a good management of the funds (revenues) from the Minerals or Mining sector including allocating say reasonable amounts for the development of the host communities and ensure that the affected District Assemblies and the Stool Land Administrator used allocated funds judiciously.

By Major Mohammed Bogobiri (rtd) email [email protected]