
There is a disease that kills more people every year than any war, any pandemic in a normal year, and any famine combined — yet many of us walk past its warning signs without a second thought. It is called ischemic heart disease, and today, I want to get candid about it.
The World's Biggest Killer
According to the World Health Organization's Global Health Estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the world's biggest killer, responsible for 13% of the world's total deaths. Since the year 2000, deaths from this single disease have risen by 2.7 million, reaching 9.1 million deaths in 2021 alone — making it the leading cause of the largest increase in mortality of any disease category tracked by WHO.
More recent Global Burden of Disease modelling paints an even starker picture. Researchers analysing 2022 data estimated approximately 315 million people were living with ischemic heart disease worldwide, resulting in 9.24 million deaths. Separate 2021 estimates put the toll at roughly 8.99 million deaths and 180 million disability-adjusted life years globally, second only to COVID-19 that year. Projections should alarm every policymaker: by 2050, global deaths from ischemic heart disease are projected to reach 16 million — an 80% increase from 2021 levels.
In the United States, the pattern repeats itself. Heart disease remains the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups, claiming one life every 34 seconds.
Ghana and Africa: No Longer Immune
For too long, cardiovascular disease was seen as a "rich man's" or "Western" affliction. That assumption is now dangerously outdated.
A landmark hospital-based study in Kumasi tracked cardiac admissions over more than a decade and found that ischemic heart disease, once rare in the region, rose by 250% between 2005 and 2015 and is emerging as a significant contributor to the cardiovascular disease burden across sub-Saharan Africa. The same study documented that cardiovascular admissions climbed from 4.6% to 8.2% of all medical admissions between 2004 and 2014 — a 78% increase.
Nationally, researchers behind the Ghana Heart Initiative note that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with 80% of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, and that in Ghana, ischemic heart disease and stroke were the leading causes of death as far back as 2017. Yet less than 5% of health-sector resources in these countries are directed toward preventing and managing non-communicable diseases.
Locally reported figures reinforce the urgency: cardiovascular disease is responsible for an estimated 18,000 deaths annually in Ghana, alongside over 613,000 recorded cases of hypertension and more than 200,000 cases of diabetes in 2021 alone. A continent-wide review adds that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Ghana is high, with male sex, older age, unemployment, diabetes and hypertension all identified as significant risk factors.
*[Suggested image placement: a WHO Africa regional infographic on non-communicable disease burden, or a photo of a community health screening in a Ghanaian clinic]*
Understanding the Disease Itself
Ischemic heart disease — also known as coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease — develops when fatty deposits (plaques) gradually narrow the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Starved of oxygen-rich blood, the heart tissue can become damaged, leading to angina, heart attacks, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death.
**Key warning signs include:**
- Chest pain, pressure, or tightness, especially during exertion
- Shortness of breath
- Pain radiating to the arm, jaw, neck, or back
- Unusual fatigue, dizziness, or cold sweats
**The major modifiable risk factors are:**
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Diabetes and poor blood sugar control
- High cholesterol
- Tobacco use
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
- Chronic stress and unemployment-related strain
A Candid Call to Action
I write this not to frighten, but to awaken. The data is unambiguous: this disease is preventable in the majority of cases through early detection, blood pressure and diabetes management, dietary change, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco. WHO and Ghana's own health authorities have repeatedly emphasised that community screening and primary healthcare investment are the most cost-effective tools available to us.
As a nation transitioning — like much of West Africa — from predominantly infectious disease burdens to chronic, lifestyle-driven conditions, Ghana stands at a crossroads. The Ghana Heart Initiative's push for national cardiovascular management guidelines and equipment for over 300 health facilities is a start. But real change begins in homes, workplaces, and communities — with people who choose to check their blood pressure, watch what they eat, and take chest pain seriously rather than dismissing it as "just gas" or tiredness.
Your heart is not a spare part. Guard it, screen it, and listen to it.
Chief Tutu Baffour Asare Brownsy Williams
References
1. World Health Organization. *The top 10 causes of death.* Fact sheet, updated 7 August 2024. who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
2. Mensah GA, et al., cited in: *Global Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease-Related Mortality From 2000 to 2019.* PMC, 2024/2025. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12221645
3. *Global ischemic heart disease burden attributable to kidney dysfunction from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050.* PMC. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141223
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. *Heart Disease Facts.* cdc.gov/heart-disease/data-research/facts-stats
5. Sanuade et al./Owusu-Dabo et al. *Cardiovascular disease trends in central Ghana, 2004–2015.* PMC. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6490361
6. Doku AK, et al. *The Ghana Heart Initiative — a health system strengthening approach.* Frontiers in Public Health, 2024. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11061415
7. Doku A, et al. *Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.* Global Heart, 2024. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10885824
8. *NCD campaign in West Africa laudable: Ghanaian Times.



Caucus Warns: ‘If We Lose Our Teachers, We Lose Our Nation’ as Education Crisis ...
Boeing Projects 18‑Month Timeline for Ghana’s National Airline Revival Under New...
Legal Expert Questions EOCO’s Conduct, Says MP Had Right to Resist Unlawful Arre...
Gunmen kill 27 in two shootings in South Africa
'We shall hold govt feet to the fire of accountability' — Anyidoho on €225m coca...
‘Russian sleeper cell’: Can Germany’s far-right AfD be barred from sensitive int...
Pope Leo XIV visits Lourdes after giant Paris mass to meet clergy abuse victims
EU unlocks 710 mn euros' aid for crisis-hit communities
Power cuts, rubble: millions come home to find Sudan's capital unlivable
At least 16 people killed as Russia and Ukraine trade deadly air strikes
