Ascendants of Africans who were stolen from Africa: ‘Repatriates’ are not immigrants nor aliens

Please. The recent demand by President Mahama for reparations for 400+ years of chattel enslavement of Africans and Europeans underdevelopment of Africa (Dr. Walter Rodney), I advise make sure many Ghanaians learn and comprehend all that is involved—and not just “chew, pour and forget”. Also, reconcile and have Ghana educators on every level to be able to teach the Ourstory (history) and the concept of ‘Pan Africanism’, so not to allow the repeat of atrocities of which you want reparations for. It should be understood that millions of Africans were stolen from Africa, and teach about their Ascendants, many of whom are Pan Africanists ‘Repatriating’ and have Repatriated, not just to Ghana, but throughout Africa.

1. A concise introduction to Pan Africanism

“Pan Africanism although it began in the western hemisphere, led by ascendants of Africans and continental Africans, it is a global African-centered concept; and it is a ‘Concept of Blackness’:

Pan Africanism is ‘ubuntu-ism’ –oneness; it is communalism among Black/African people, an interconnectedness throughout the Black Diaspora and continental Africa; it is heritage via numerous African cultures throughout the world.

Pan Africanism is self-identification, respect for yourself as an African and to honor African ancestors.

Pan Africanism is a bridge for African people throughout the diaspora who desire to cross over, repatriate or returnee, to be a part of the “Back to Africa” movement.

Pan Africanism is health—Africans relearning, re-discovering and teaching herbal remedies, it is a healing process from the traumas of racism, genocide and chattel enslavement of Africans; it is a spiritual re-connection to the land that gave birth to the ‘Original People’.

Pan Africanism is Black solidarity, the struggle to overcome the global system of white supremacy, white imperialism, white privilege, and codes of ‘whiteness’ to maintain racism.” (See excerpt-- ‘African Global Ourstory: An Introduction to African & African Diaspora Studies’ by K. Makeda Muhammad PhD)

2. The Term ‘Repatriation’

Repatriation is an African-Centered term defining a Pan African Movement.

Repatriation is the return of Black/Africans from where all Africans originated, which all Black people, humanity --the ‘Original People’ beginnings were on the Lands of Alkebulan/Africa (regardless of tectonic plates). It is the Repatriation of the Ascendants of the Africans who were captured and traded by certain wicked Kings/chieftaincies, and white supremacist chattel slave traders for over 400 years. Ascendants’ Repatriation, even when no African Kings came searching for stolen Africans after chattel slavery was abolished.

Many define the theft of Africans during the European Slave Trade (aka Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade) as ‘Forced Migration’ (Dr. Frances Cress-Welsing).

Repatriation is not “immigration”, nor are Repatriates “foreign aliens”.

Repatriation is a return to Africa; repatriation is not solely a return to certain ethnic groups— this is not compulsory; it is a choice.

Repatriation is ‘Citizenship by Ascent’ and right of melanin (see Dr. Richard King) and by blood; and Ascendants of Africans who were stolen from Africa (especially taken via slave castles/dungeons) and any other Africans.

Repatriates owe Africa nothing, they were stolen from Africa; however-- Repatriates can include in their lives coming to help redevelop and rebuild Africa (which many locals/Ghanaians cannot afford to do or prefer not to do).

Repatriation is also about securing families; and those who Repatriate alone.

**Note: In 1884/85 the white/European colonialists Berlin conference (“Scramble for Africa”) which the continent of Africa was divided. No Africans were allowed to be a part of The Conference --Mapping. Presently, the Continent of Africa is still being scaled by white supremacist’s cartographers. So-called “prehistoric” and ancient Africa’s lands were far beyond what they are being drawn today by Europeans; and there was no European border lines in Africa prior to The Berlin Conference.

3. The Ourstory/History: The Migration and Settlements of the Guans, The Aborigines AND well along, some Ethnic Groups Arrivals.

• Guons/Guans migrated from the ancients Mossi Kingdoms 1000 A.D. (known today as Burkina Faso). The first arrivals, ‘aborigines’, Guan land (known today as the Republic of Ghana, and areas of Togo, Benin, Ivory Coast). There were/are 28 Guan settlements.

• Arrival of ‘immigrants’-- Ga, Akans, Ewe – 200-300 years later entering into Guans lands.

• Arrival of ‘Repatriates’, Ascendants of Africans who were STOLEN FROM AFRICA 400+ years; lands and businesses were taken, royals and villages sold into slavery via wicked kings/chieftaincies and white supremacist slave traders.

--Generations of Africans were stolen from Africa; and generations are returning. It is a Human Right to Repatriate (see UN), not just a “year of return”, nor is Repatriation a ‘Presidential Executive Order’, for instance, the financial selection of African Diasporan groups 34, 126, and 524 African Diasporans sworn in by President Mahama and President Addo nothing really Pan African about this, nor ‘Right of Abode’, which Repatriates are kept from playing a role in the political scheme of things, i.e., voting, running for public office both locally and nationally (see Attorney Kwaku Azar).

**Note: See Kwame Ampene’s research; President of the Guan Congress; and research the Mossi Kingdoms--known today as Burkina Faso; also, see over 60 slave castles and slave forts, West Africa; including the slave ship listings at the British Museum).

Many Ghanaians are not aware of the Ourstory/history, nor are there well-shelved conscious Black/African scholarship constantly updated PUBIC LIBRARIES in Ghana—nor are they not aware of what happened to Africans after the Europeans’ slave ships departed with boat loads of their people for centuries. Also, undereducation issues --some Ghanaians state Africa belongs to only those who were born on the continent; in addition, many Ghanaians explain African Diasporans do not belong as members of their families (tribes/ethnic groups), and yet the ancestors were stolen from Ghana ethnic groups. Is there ‘poverty-mindedness’, a xenophobic culture in Ghana among many of those born on the continent of Africa towards the African Diaspora because of these issues? Yes, and by design via enemies??? Such issues can be non-productive and/or self-destructive.

Is history of the African Diaspora in curriculums, textbooks, BECE, WASSCE, and understood throughout Ghana? No. Are education issues being mishandled or dismissed and neo-colonialism being perpetuated in Ghana? Emphatically, yes, and have been for decades.

4. Some Solution(s).
--African-Centered Education (ACE) is needed, curriculum and textbooks. Recruit experienced/retired Black/African educators throughout the African Diaspora.

--Training sessions on how to de-neo-colonize the education system, educators and government officials and more so, how to devise an African-Centered system, NOT how to further help maintain systematic white supremacy (see Dr. Frances Cress-Welsing).

--A consistent Reconciliation Commission for organizing town hall meetings, healing processes, and nation-building strategies. Also, Ghana Reconciliation Commission(s), and African Diasporans collaborate with the African Union, Addis Ababa; and Africa Union ECOSOCC, New York and help strengthen the AU so they are not made tools for white supremacists.

Photo: Talking Drum. 2005. Retrieved February 5, 2026 from, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File.TalkingDrum.jpg, No changes.

Dr. K. Makeda Muhammad is a ‘Repatriate’ a returnee to Africa via Ghana in 2011. Dr. Makeda’s field of study is Black Studies; she is an Educator, Author, Recipient of the MACPRI Helping Hands Award, Recipient of the EDUCOM Award, Recipient of the Abibitumi and Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey Foundation Citation, Pan Africanist, Community Activist, and Social media Freedom Fighter.

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