Saudi Arabia uses AI, apps and smart systems to manage Hajj crowds in Mecca

Technology is reshaping the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, where nearly two million Muslims gather each year in one of the world's most complex logistical operations. From AI-assisted crowd control and surveillance to digital applications such as Nusuk, pilgrims can now access services in real time. Special road coatings across 70,000 square metres of holy sites reduce surface temperatures by up to 15 degrees Celsius. Hundreds of thousands of security personnel and volunteers continue to work alongside these systems to keep pilgrims safe.

Al Jazeera's Ahmed Idris reports from Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

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