A day after reigning champion and fellow Dane Jan O Jorgensen crashed out; Axelsen and Hans-Kristian Vittinghus ensured Denmark would remain involved in the tournament in Paris.
Axelsen trumped Ueda, while Vittinghus also advanced in straight games, prevailing 22-20 21-14 against India's Srikanth Kidambi.
It was a bad day for China with one player progressing, while two were eliminated.
Fifth seed Zhengming Wang defeated Germany's Marc Zwiebler 21-19 14-21 21-19, while Indonesia's fourth seed Tommy Sugiarto came from behind to trump Chen Yuekun 15-21 21-16 21-15 and Kashyap Parupalli of India won 21-19 21-18 against Houwei Tian.
Chinese Taipei's Chou Tien Chen defeated Hong Kong's Ka Long Angus Ng 21-19 21-17, while Japan's Kento Momota won 18-21 21-12 21-12 over Yun Hu of Hong Kong.
Momota will face Thai Tanongsak Saensomboonsuk, who beat Rajiv Ouseph 22-20 21-16.
In the women's draw, top seed Li Xuerui of China won 21-16 24-22 against Japan's Minatsu Mitani, while her compatriot and second seed Shixian Wang also advance, defeating another Japanese Sayaka Takahashi 16-21 21-15 21-16.
The United States' Beiwen Zhang reached the quarter-finals too with a 21-16 21-9 victory over Porntip Buranaprasertsuk of Thailand, while Japanese qualifier Akane Yamaguchi defeated Germany's Karin Schnaase 21-16 21-8.
Also progressing were Chloe Magee, Ratchanok Intanon, Yihan Wang and Saina Nehwal.
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