HOLLYWOOD WARS, AFRICA, AND EDUCATIONAL THERAPY

§ 1. PREAMBLE
War Psychiatry studies the relation between war and mental illness. It purports to seek the causes of mental disorders, which compel individuals as well as groups to engage in the evil behaviour of war in society. The discipline, in making war and mental illness as subjects of investigation, also looks into history what has caused many of the rampant wars, which imposters under the spell of mental disorders invented wars through clever manner of attributing them to the unseen innocent gods that they believed inhabited in the solar system. In the modern civilised world, wars are also engineered by modern day leaders, who cunningly use dubious means to enrich the coffers of their states, and by so doing infect seriously ill mental patients, such as Hannibal Odyssey Complex patients (HOC), Absolute Zenith Complex patients (AZC), Terrorist War Patients (TW), Suiccidium Bombing Disorder patients (SBD), Stealing-Covet Disorder nations (STD), Superwunsken leaders and many others to initiate genuine wars in the world; the consequence leading to instability in the world and deaths of women and children. The latter is what has been termed “Hollywood wars.” They are fake wars which since time immemorial certain nations (the War Patrons or Fathers) had used to trick the naive tribes in the less developed world, in order to disorganise them, and by so doing had stolen their minerals and lands from them. Hollywood wars are staged just the films we watch on videos and cinemas. Hollywood wars can be prevented or dealt with easily through educating the masses against the origin of these fake wars, and also to furnish them adequate information concerning the type of leadership people need to have in society. As the black people and Africans as a whole had been the people that had suffered the most concerning these propaganda wars, in this article, I give them the clue how they can prevent them in the future if they return into their societies.

§ 2. SELF-MADE SUPERPOWERS
The self made superpowers have control only in their countries or territories and no other place on earth. Even though they occasionally roar and threaten other countries, their powers only affect a specific country that has ties with them and also has some of these sick leaders ruling them. This means that if a country has a leader that has ties with these countries who their leaders and citizens sometimes behave as if one head is in the country, then they should be worried. The wars made by these powers usually have connection with weapons, therefore, if countries have already declared their intentions of not engaging in weapon buying because they are useless and squander resources of countries, they stand a greater chance of being left alone in peace. Examples are Switzerland and Sweden; these countries have declared boldly that they are not interested in war but peace. Therefore, they are always left alone by many of these War Patrons that think that threatening and manipulation could work on countries mentally disordered leader patients. As the secret agents of these War Patrons are the sources of these fake wars, nations must always control and become vigilant concerning their presence in their vicinities, unless they themselves had invited them into their countries.

§ 3. MILITARY LEADERS AS PRESIDENTS
Ancients as well as the people of the modern world had had trust and respect for military leaders as Presidents. If they had known the vulnerable nature of these persons and the troubles they were in, they would have avoided these leaders becoming their Presidents or so called “commander in Chief”. Apart from the fact that so many of these were psychiatrically unfit to rule, those minorities that showed partial fitness were thieves that only stole their money through orchestrating wars themselves, which allowed them to steal their money when organising for the purchase of weapons. Human beings since antiquity had been believers in dreams, and so anything that happened to someone was given interpretation by him or this person tried to look for someone for interpretation. It happened that for so many of these military leaders that became leaders, Kings, or emperors, the mere scent of a smoke from somewhere were given the interpretation of a gun powder which could immediately originate wars. Mental patients were their advisers. Finally, since heroism was widely respected in the olden days and at present, many of these mentally disordered leaders deliberately sought to create war or a mission just to become war heroes in the world. Many of these wars engineered by the self-made superpowers were for these reasons. Serious nations that want to prevent war and anarchy should never make it their plight to elect a Prime leader from this profession as they are vulnerable in terms of causing conflicts or wars among peace loving people. Many of these gentlemen had personality problems which allowed them to be where they were. Some are usually drunkards or drug addicted. In the past, many of the wars we had in this world were created or originated by these types of men who the world has wrongly awarded those different titles such as, “Great Leaders” or “War heroes,” etc.

§ 4. THE STATE OF MINORITIES IN A COUNTRY
In South Africa, the 10% of the population who are the white minorities own almost everything in the country. The 90% non-whites are struggling to make up but it is not easy because the nature of the system. Some say it would take so many years before they could even possess one quarter of the riches or assets the white people own. When they had had the chance to rule, the consequence was very devastating. It took many decades for the world and other international bodies to put pressure on these supremacy groups to leave power for the majority of the black in the country. In certain countries in West Africa, when we had had governments of the minority groups, many of the people were maimed while others were thrown into the sea by night. Innocent lawyers and ordinary people walking in the streets were killed; some for the purpose of cultural medicines to enable them maintain power. This advice was given to them by mental patients, who called themselves juju men. Sensitive positions were filled by these smaller group who make about 300 000; only using their location which is very close to the capital city. People forget so easily. It was not surprising that a prominent member of this group could boast that they have/maintain the economic power in the country. In east Africa and many other parts of the world, including now Ivory Coast, when the majority group were ruling, there was not any of this maltreatment being seen until the minority got the chance into the power and started unlawful things in the country. I have already asserted elsewhere that scholars have behaved naive in not informing people about the seriousness of allowing minority group to dominate/overrepresented in the country, these had led to serious consequences in the world since time immemorial. I advise and warn that, “An intelligent and conscious society will never allow a minority who makes a smaller fragment of their population to be over-represented in higher places in order to cause disequilibrium in the country. The massacres and the genocides we have witnessed in the world over the last two thousand years had stemmed from this scenario, where religion had acted as opium in either blinding the authorities eyes or making them intoxicated so much so that they only wake up one day and the cancer had spread such that they could not cure it in a civilised manner but to resort to violence and intimidation.”

This is the situation where Hollywood wars could be used easily for either the smaller group or a few people. Using guns to dominate and through collaboration with a War Patron, they could put the large feeble majority under subjection while they steal their properties with little money going into the bank accounts of these fortunate ruffian leaders alone. One billion dollars could get missing on its way to the leader; as if they met Alcapone on the way. This is the reason why Europeans themselves, in the 15th century onwards (Britain and many others) had known the secret earlier, that, it is not easy to live with certain minorities who may be aggressive, not polished, not educated, their view of human being's worth not advanced, or have brute culture, so that the best they could do was to integrate them wholly into their group while allowing them to use only the majority's language in order to help unify and civilise them. In Germany, for example, the Germans did not allow the large French population, large Polish population, large Danish population and several thousands of smaller tribes which may be a little more than the 300, 000 to use their various languages so that they could have a unified country in order to prevent this manner of being susceptible to confusion always engineered by outsiders or these minorities themselves.

If these same people who did not allow their minorities to speak their own different languages should come and say, “don't worry, but try to teach all the languages of the different people in the country and then everything will be alright,” they are only deceiving you. They want you to live in ignorance, and moreover, to be backbiting each other in politics and your community for ever. If we are unlucky, our future children who are not able to tolerate as we are now will wipe out the minorities as it happened many different occasions around the world. Where Europeans had practiced the introduction of the different languages of the people, it had enabled them to discriminate all the more based on lack of knowledge of their languages very well, and the problem with the culture of the minorities. Consequently, it helped them in the marginalisation of the immigrants; they would never allow these people to be like them.

§ 5. A COUNTRY WITH MINERAL RESOURCES

Hollywood wars are usually utilised to conduct a mission of stealing, sabotaging an unwanted government, coup de' tat to topple a competent leader in order to replace a puppet one. Therefore, they are found more in countries where there are rich mineral resources or strategically lying in a good area. But these Patrons are not stupid at all, usually there may be some good leaders in the country that are minding the good resources these nations have, so the idea of an outsider coming in to create war has to be planned very well. That is why it is important for these Patrons who may be having deficit in importing oil all the time to create false stories about a specific leader of this country in order to allow them to come in. Why should some people own nuclear weapons while others cannot? Why should the mere idea of having the technology cause uproar? Mineral resources countries are also unfortunate, they usually lack leaders with visions as the leaders they have are trained military leaders who are not versed with the democratic principles in ruling its people. Usually, they start killing their opponents who may be well-trained specialists who are more competent than themselves. The latter could have detected these propaganda wars easily and could have blocked these greedy bastards who wanted to have everything in the world free so that their citizens would be enjoying while the poor victimised country's citizens would be going hungry and dying of water-borne disease and AIDs. The weakness of these people also have something to do with these rampant wars, any child or feeble woman could take a weapon to seize power from these people, and no person either from the intellectual or traditional authorities could speak against them or make efforts to fight back in order to maintain their freedom. The result had been that some fortunate ruffians had been ruling them since their independence from these War gangs who now have different clothes on as War Patrons or protectors. A rich mineral resource country should be the first to study how Hollywood wars are engineered in order to prevent themselves from falling into armed conflicts or armed robbers.

§ 6. THE SORT OF PEOPLE


Hollywood wars can never be engineered in any of these developed countries in the world, except where the people have some beliefs in a supernatural god/God which these beliefs that they have had allowed them to choose to go to wars on their God/gods' behalves. Where the people are extremely fanatic, the mere mention of the names of these holy beings and their messengers names could ignite wars among themselves or between them and foreigners.

Africans, Indians, Arabs, and certain tribes who have lot of resources in their various countries but have not been educated well are more susceptible to this manipulation than many other nations. War patrons study the manner these people reason, and with serious research behind them, they would know what to say and behave in order to enable them start these wars among them. Though people are becoming aware of these tactics, it would take long time because of lack of good leadership and leadership with visions in these countries.

The continent of Africa, despite its many universities, still struggle all the time because the Academics do not make relevant research and innovation to help people become acclimatised in their context. Hardly would the Department of Education, Mathematics, Food and Sciences come out with something in their contexts that suggest or advise government to take certain initiatives that will help the pupils or graduates in the countries. There are many engineers in these countries, yet common use of certain materials to build proper bridges are not embarked upon; they sit there and people still walk on one small tree laid across a big river to enable them to cross. This same people would object to the use of a common language that over 70% already understand in his country in favour of someone's language; this person who lives thousands of miles from them.

My advice is that if we only copy what others have done and just publish them, these are not enough. Education must be able to help human beings deal with their own peculiar problems, which consist of everything that has to do with how they can plan a better future for their children so that the other is not wiped out entirely if they are not able to harbour them or have patience for them. If we depend on the decisions and suggestions given by foreigners, we can hardly make it as a people because any decision they make they do think about how it will also affect them, not only how we will succeed that become their concern.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ackerknecht, E. H. (1971) Medicine & Ethnology: Selected Essays. (Eds.). Walser, H. H., and

Koelbing, H. M., Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins.

Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2008). The Security of Nations: A Psychological Perspective on Modern Theory of War. Hammersmith, London: Lulu UK Enterprise.

Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2008). Matter and Motion: Scientific Theories on Modern Man and Adaptation. Hammersmith, London: Lulu UK Enterprise.

Baucom, D. H., et al. (1998) Empirically supported couple and family interventions for adult

mental health problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66: 53-

88.
Bebbington, P., & Kuipers L. (1993) Social causation of schizophrenia. In Bhugra, D., &

Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Publications. Pp. 82-98.
Bendyshe, T. Ed. (1865). The Anthropological Treatise of Johan Friedrich Blumenbach. London: Anthropological Society; 1865: 99, 269.

Beiser, M. et al. (1972) Assessing psychiatric disorder among the Serer of Senegal. Journal of

nervous and Mental Diseases, 154, 141-151.
Bell, C. (1992) Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bellack, A. S., et al. (2000) Effects of behavioural family management on family

communication and patient outcomes in schizophrenia. British Journal of

Psychiatry, 177: 434-439.
Benedict, P. K., and Jacks, I. (1954) Mental Illness in Primitive Societies, 17: 377-389.

Bennett, D. et al. (2004) Anorexia nervosa among female secondary school students in

Ghana. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185:312-317.

Bento-vim, D. I. (1985) DSM III in Botswana a field trial in a developing country. American

Journal of Psychiatry, 142: 342-345.
Bergstrand, G. (1982) Att Arbeta med Livsåskådningsfrågor i Psykoterapi. Stencil.

Stockholm: S:t Lukasstiftelsen.
Bergstrand, G. (1988) Tro och Misstro. Stockholm: Natur och Kurtur.

Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (1993) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Publications.
Bhugra, D., & Buchanan, A. (1993) Attitudes towards mental illness. In Bhugra, D., & Leff,

L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Publications. Pp. 385-399.
Bhugra, D., & Gregoire, A. (1993) Social factors in the genesis and management of postnatal

psychiatric disorders. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social

Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp. 424-436.

Bhugra, D. (1993) Influence of culture on presentation and management of patients. . In

Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Bhugra, D. (1993) Unemployment, poverty and homelessness. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L.

(eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Publications. Pp. 355-382.
Berrios, G. E., & Morley, S. J. (1984) Koro-like symptom in a non-Chinese subject. British

Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 331-334.
Boateng, A. A. (1966) A Geography of Ghana. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Boisen, A. T. (1960) Out of the Depths. New York: Harper.

Bondestam, S. et al. (1990) The prevalence and treatment of mental disorders and epilepsy in

Zanzibar. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81: 327-331.

Berger, P., and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Harper Bk.

Bourgignon, E. (1975) Possession and trance in cross-cultural studies of mental health. In

Culture-Bound Syndromes, Ethnopsychiatry, and Alternative Therapies. Lebra,

W. P. (Ed.) Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.

Bradford, D. (1984) The Experience of God. Phenomenology and Schizophrenia. New York:

Free University Press.
Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1956) Studies in Hysteria. London: Hogarth Press.

Brown, G. W. et al. (1972) Influence of the family life on the course of schizophrenic

disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241-258.

Brugha, T. S. (1993) Social support Networks. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of

Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp. 502-516.

Buckley, A. D. (1976) The secret- an idea in Yoruba medicinal thought. In Social

Anthropology and Medicine, Louden, J. B. (Ed.) ASA Monograph No. 13.

London: Academic Press.
Bulik, C. M. et al. (2001) Features of sexual childhood sexual abuse and the development of

psychiatric and substance use disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179:444-

449.
Burstein, S. R. (1952) Public health and prevention of disease in primitive communities. The

Advancement of Science, 9: 5.
Buss, A. R. (1978) Causes and reasons in attribution theory a conceptual critique. Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology Vol.36, 11:1311-1321.

Byrnes, J. F. (1984) The Psychology of Religion. New York: The Free Press.

Calestro, K. M. (1972) Psychotherapy, faith healing and suggestion. International Journal of

Psychiatry, 10 (2): 83-113.
Carnap, R. (1951). Logical Foundations of Probability. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Carothers, J. C. (1947) A study of mental derangement in Africans, and an attempt to explain its

peculiarities, more especially in relation to the African attitude to life. Journal of

Mental Science, 93: 549-597.
Carpenters, J. C., & Brocknington, I. F. (1980) A study of mental illness of Asians, West Indians

and Africans living in Manchester. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137: 201-205.

Carpenter, W., and Buchanan, R.W. (1995) Schizophrenia: Introduction and overview. In

Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI volume 1, 6th Edition. Kaplan, H. I. &

Sadock, B. J. (eds.) pp. 889-902, Baltimore: William and Wilkins.

Carsters, G. M. (1977) Protective elements in traditional cultures. Journal of Psychosomatic

Research, 21, 307-312.
Castro, R., and Eroza, E. (1998) Research notes on social subjectivity: Individuals' experience of

susto and fallen fontanelle in a rural community in Central Mexico. Culture,

Medicine and Psychiatry, 22: 203-230.
Cobbing, J. (1977) The absent priesthood: Another look at the Rhodesian risings of 1896-1977.

JAH, 18/ 1: 61-84.
Cochrane, R., & Bal, S. S. (1987) Migration and schizophrenia: An examination of five

hypotheses. Social Psychiatry, 22, 181-191.
Cohen, C. I., et al. (2004) Racial differences in paranoid ideation and psychoses in an Older

Urban population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161:864-871.

Cohen, M. R. & Nagel, E. (1949). An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.

Conco, W. Z. (1979) The African Bantu traditional practice of medicine some preliminary

observations. In African Therapeutic Systems, (Eds.) Ademuwagun, Z. A. et al.,

Pp. 58-80. Crossroads Press.
Cooper, Z., & Paykel, E. S. (1993) Social factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. In

Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific Publications. Pp. 99-121.
Corbeil, J. J. (nd) Bemba Bush Medicines. Moto Moto Museum, Mbala Zambia.

Cox, A. (1993) Social factors in child psychiatric disorder. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.)

Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp.

202-233.
Creed, F. (1993) Life events. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry.

Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp. 144-161.

Crisp, A. H., et al. (2000) Stigmatisation of people with mental illness. British Journal of

Psychaitry, 177: 4-7.
Cullberg, J. (1984) Dynamisk Psykiatri i Teori och Praktik. Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.

Darwin, C. (1889). On the Origin of Species… (Authorised edition from English ed. II); New York.

Davies, P. (Ed.) (1989). The New Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Davies, P. (1989). The new physics: a synthesis. In The New Physics. Pp. 1-33. (Ed.) Davies, P. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dawson, J. (1964) Urbanization and mental health in a West African community, In Kiev, A.

(ed.), Magic, Faith and Healing: Studies in Primitive Psychiatry Today. New

York: Free Press
Dawson, J. (1979) Traditional concepts of mental health in Sierra Leone. In: African Therapeutic

Systems, (Eds.) Ademuwagun et al. Crossroad Press. pp. 3-7.

Day, R. et al. (1987) Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: a cross

national study from the World Health Organization. Culture, Medicine and

Psychiatry, 11, 123-205.
DeMarinis, V. (1990) Movement as mediator of memory and meaning: An investigation of the

psychological and spiritual function of dance in religious ritual. In: D. Adams (ed.),

Dance as Religious Studies. New York: Crossroads.
DeMarinis, V. (1994) Transitional Objects and Safe Space: A Theoretical and Methodological

Interaction between Psychology of Religion and Ritual Studies. Acta Universitatis

Upsaliensis, Psychologia et Sociologia Religionum 10. Uppsala.

De Reuck, A. V. S. & Porter, R. (Eds.) (1965) Transcultural Psychiatry. London: J. & A.

Churchil Ltd.
Devereux, G., (1956) Normal and abnormal: The key problem in psychiatric anthropology. In

Some Uses of Anthropology: Theoretical and Applied. Casagrande, J. B., and

Gladwin, T. (Eds.) pp. 23-48. Washington D.C.: Anthropological Society of

Washington.
Devereux, G. (1961) Mohave Ethnopsychiatry and Suicide: The Psychiatric Knowledge and

the Psychic Disturbances of an Indian Tribe. Washington: Smithsonian

Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 175, United States Government Printing Office.

Devereux, G., (1963) Primitive psychiatric diagnosis—A general theory of the diagnostic

process, In Gadston, I. (Ed.), Man's Image in Medicine and Anthropology. New

York: New York Academic of Medicine and International Universities Press.

Dhadphale, M. et al. (1983) The frequency of psychiatry disorders among patients attending

semi-urban and rural general out-patients clinics in Kenya. British Journal of

Psychiatry, 142: 379-383.
Dixon, L., et al. (2000) Update on family psychoeducation for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia

Bulletin, 26: 5-20.
Dixon, L. B. & Lehman, A. F. (1995) Family interventions for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia

Bulletin, 21: 631-643.
Einstein, A. (1952). “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,” In: The Principle of Relativity. A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Transl. by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, Pp. 111-164). New York: Dover Publications, Inc. (Also in Annalen der Physik, 49, 1916).

Einstein, A. (1952). “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” In: The Principle of Relativity. A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Transl. by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, Pp. 37-65. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Einstein, A. (1952). “On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light,” In: The Principle of Relativity. A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Transl. by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, Pp. 99- 109. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Eisenberg, L. (1977) Disease and illness. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1, 9-12.

El-Islam, M. F. (1979) A better outlook for schizophrenics living in extended families. British

Journal of Psychiatry, 135: 343-347.
Elsarrag, M. E. (1968) Psychiatry in the Northern Sudan: a study in comparative psychiatry.

British Journal of Psychiatry, 114: 945-948.
Epstein, L. C. (1992). Relativity Visualized. San Francisco: Insight Press.

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937) Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. London:

Oxford University Press.
Fabrega, H. (1984) Culture and psychiatric illness: Biomedical and ethnomedical aspects”,

Marsella, In Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy. A. J. and G.

M. White (Eds.) Culture, Illness, and Healing 4. pp. 39-68. D. Boston: Reidel

Publishing Company.
Fallon, I. R., et al. (1984) Family Care of Schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press.

Fallon, I. R., et al. (1996) Family treatment of schizophrenia, the design and research

application of therapist training model. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice

Research, 5: 45-56.
Farmer, A. E., & Falkowski, W. F. (1985) Margot in the salt: The snake factor and the

treatment of atypical psychosis in West African women. British Journal of

Psychiatry, 146, 446-448.
Feigl, H. & Brodbeck, M (Eds.) (1953). Readings in the Philosophy of Science. New York:

Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.
Field, M. J. (1960) Search for Security: An Ethnopsychiatric Study of Rural Ghana. Evanston,

III: Northwestern University Press.
Field, M. J. (1968) Chronic psychosis in rural Ghana. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 33-

33.
Fisher, R. B. (1998) West African Religious Traditions. Focus on the Akan of Ghana.

Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books.
Florsheim, P. (1990) Cross-cultural views of the self in the self in the treatment of mental

illness: Disentangling the curative aspects of myths from the mythic of cure.

Psychiatry, 53:340-315.
Frank, J. D. et al. (Eds.) (1978) Effective Ingredients of Successful Psychotherapy. New York:

Brunner/Mazel Publsihers.
Frank, J. D. (1978) Expectation and therapeutic outcome—The placebo effect and the role

induction interview. In Frank, J. D. (Eds.), Effective Ingredients of Successful

Psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publsihers.

Freud, S. (1915) The Unconscious. In SE 14.
Freud, S. (1923) The Ego and the Id. In SE 19.
Freud, S. (1950) Totem and Taboo. New York: W. W. Norton.

Freud, S. (1961) The Future of an Illusion. Transl. by J. Strachey. W. W. Norton.

Freud, S. (1923) The Ego and the Id. In SE 19.
Freud, S. (1910). Leonando da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood. In Standard Edition, Vol.11.1957, 57-137 (First German Edition 1911).

Freud, S. (1913). Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement Between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics. In Standard Edition, Vol. 13, 1958, 1-82 (First German Edition 1911).

Ghana Handbook of Commerce & Industry (1988/1989) Ministry of Trade and Tourism.

Ghana Statistical Service. 2001. 2000 Population Census of Ghana: Preliminary Analysis

Report. GSS, Accra, Ghana.
Garraty, J. A. & Gay, P. (1984). The Columbia History of the World. New York: Harper & Row.

Gay, P. (Ed.) (1973). The Enlightenment. A Comprehensive Anthology. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Gutmann, B. (1909) Dichten und Denken der Dschagganeger. Leipzig.

(Ed.) Davies, P. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gwassa, G. C. K. (1972) Kinjikitile and the ideology of Maji Maji. pp. 202-217. In Ranger, T.

O. and Kimambo, I. (Eds.) The Historical Study of African Religion. London:

Heinemann.
Halford, W. K. (1991) Beyond expressed emotion: behavioural assessment of family

interaction associated with the course of schizophrenia. Behavioral Assessment,

13: 19-123.
Hallowell, A. I. (1934) Culture and mental disorder. Journal of Abnormal and Social

Psychology, 29, 1-9.
Harding, T. (1973) Psychosis in a rural West African community. Social Psychiatry, 8, 198-

203.
Harley, G. W. (1941) Native African Medicine. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Harpham, T. (1993) Urbanization and mental disorder. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.)

Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp.

346-353.
Harvey, J. and Bather, L. (1982). The British Constitution and Politics. London: Macmillan Education Limited.

Harvey, O. J., Hunt, D. E., & Schroder, H. M. (1961) Conceptual Systems and Personality.

Organization. New York: Wiley.
Hawking, S. (1989). The edge of spacetime. In The New Physics. Pp. 61-69. (Ed.) Davies, P Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hawking, S. (2001). The Universe in a Nutshell. The Inspiring Sequel to A Brief History of Time. London: Transworld Publishers.

Heath, T. L. (1897). The Works of Archimedes. Cambridge: University Press.

Heath, T. L. (1908). The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements Translated from the Text of Heiberg with Introduction and Commentary. 2 Ed. Cambridge: University Press.

Heath, T. L (1949). Mathematics in Aristotle. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hedberg, I., & Staugård, F. (1989) Traditional Medicine in Botswana. Traditional Medicinal

Plants. Broadhurst, Gaborone: Ipelegeng Publishers.

Helmbrock, H. G., and Weigert A. (1980) Current Studies on Rituals. Perspective for the

Psychology of Religion. Amsterdam: Rodopi. International Series in the

Psychology of Religion
Hill, P. (1993) Social psychiatry of adolescence. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of

Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp. 234-248.

Hirsch, S., & Jarman, B. (1993) Changing approaches to determining mental health service

resource needs. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.) Principles of Social Psychiatry.

Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp. 517-527.

Hobbes, T. (1665). Leviathan Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hoehn-Saric, R. (1978) Emotional arousal, attitude change, and psychotherapy, In Effective

Ingredients of successful Psychotherapy. (Eds.) Frank, J. D. Et al. New York:

Brunner/Mazel Publishers.
Holland, A. (1993) Social aspects of mental handicap. In Bhugra, D., & Leff, L. (eds.)

Principles of Social Psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Pp.

331-345.
Hollingshead, A. and Redlich, F. (1960) Social Class and Mental Illness. New York:

MacMillan and Co.
Holm, N. G. (1976) Tungotal och andedop. En religionspsykologisk undersökning av

glossolali hos finlandssvenska pingstvänner. Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis.

Psychologia Religionum 5. Uppsala.
Holm, N. G. (1987a) Sundén's role theory and glossolalia. Journal for the Scientific Study of

Religion 26, 3: 383-389.
Holm, N. G. (1987b) Scandinavian Psychology of Religion. Religionsvetenskap liga Skrifter nr

Lorentz, H. A., Einstein, A., Minkowski, H. & Weyl, H. (1952). The Principle of Relativity. A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Transl. by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Lorentz, H. A. (1952). “Electromagnetic Phenomena in a System Moving with any Velocity less than that of Light,” In The Principle of Relativity. A Collection of Original Memoirs on the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Transl. by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, Pp. 11-34. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Lorentz, H. A. (1931). Lectures on Theoretical Physics. Delivered at the University of Leiden. Vol. III Transl. by L. Silberstein & Trivelli. London: Macmillan and Co., LTD.

Maslow, A. (1943) “A Theory of Human Motivation: The Basic Needs.”Psychological

Review.Vol. 50, pp. 370-396.
Maxwell, J. C. (1877ed). Matter and Motion. London.

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, (1776). The Spirit of the Laws. Vol. 1., Tranl. Thomas Nugent. 1777. London: J. Nourse.

Nagel, E. (1961). The Structure of Science. Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.

Newton, I. (1999). The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Transl. By Cohen, Bernard & Whitman, Anne. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Nicolis, G. (1989). Physics of far-from-equilibrium systems and self-organisation. In The New Physics. Pp. 316-347. (Ed.) Davies, P. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nilsson, E. (2007). “Blommar som kunde gjort Linné till Darwin,” Forskning & Framsteg. Nr1, Jan-Feb, pp. 26-31.

Partington, J. R. (1951). A Short History of Chemistry. London.

Piaget, J. (1972). The Principle of Genetic Epistemology. Transl.: Mays, W. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.