Applying Conflict Analysis Framework to the Mamprusis-KusasisConflict in Bawku

The longstanding conflict between the Mamprusis and Kusasis in Bawku, Ghana, presents a complex case of ethnic, territorial, and political tension. Using the conflict analysis framework outlined in Beer and Stief’s The Mediator’s Handbook, this article identifies the positions, perceptions, interests, and underlying concerns of the two tribes to better understand the dynamics and potential pathways to resolution.

Defining the Problem

The conflict’s core issues revolve around land ownership and traditional leadership rights, exacerbated by violent incidents such as roadblock killings along critical routes.

Mamprusis’ issue: The tribe claims historical rights to land ownership and chieftaincy, asserting their traditional authority over Bawku. A pressing concern for them is the ongoing violence, such as roadblock killings on the Bawku-Bolga-Pulmakuom road.

Kusasis’ issue: The Kusasis demand recognition of their rights to the land and chieftaincy. They, too, are deeply affected by violence, including roadblock killings along the Tamale-Walewale-Bolga road.

Perceptions

Perceptions shape the way each tribe views the conflict and its underlying causes, often intensifying divisions.

Mamprusis’ perception: The Mamprusis perceive the Kusasis as challenging their historical authority and land rights. They also believe that successive governments, including both the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC), as well as the media, are biased against their cause and failing to address their concerns fairly.

Kusasis’ perception: The Kusasis see the Mamprusis as suppressing their rightful claims to land and leadership. They view the NPP government as particularly antagonistic toward their community.

Positions

Positions reflect the stated demands and stances of each tribe.

Mamprusis’ position: “We are the rightful rulers of the land and chieftaincy.” They emphasize that no definitive Supreme Court ruling in 2003 resolved the land ownership dispute in favor of either side.

Kusasis’ position: “We have the right to control our land and leadership.” They assert that a 2003 Supreme Court ruling affirmed their authority over the land and chieftaincy.

Key Issues

The conflict is compounded by the following concerns:

Mamprusis’ issues: There is a lack of attention from state authorities, the politicization of the chieftaincy dispute, and media bias.

Kusasis’ issues: Government’s failure to enforce the law

Underlying Interests

Interests go beyond positions to address the fundamental needs and motivations of each group.

Mamprusis’ interests: "We are primarily concerned with maintaining our control and influence within the region, preserving our traditional authority, and safeguarding our cultural identity. These are not just about power, but about honoring and protecting our heritage".

Kusasis’ interests: "We want total control over our land, as this is essential to our survival and well-being. Additionally, we must preserve our community's rights and autonomy, ensuring our voices are heard and respected in the broader society".

Solution-Focused Strategy

Resolving this conflict requires shifting focus from entrenched positions to shared underlying interests. Mediators and conflict resolution professionals can employ the following strategies:

Facilitate Dialogue: Encourage both tribes to engage in open discussions that prioritize mutual respect and understanding. Traditional leaders and neutral third parties, such as the National House of Chiefs, can play pivotal roles.

Promote Impartiality: Ensure government and security forces remain neutral and enforce laws fairly to rebuild trust.

Address Shared Concerns: Focus on common interests such as peace, security, cultural preservation, and economic development to foster collaboration.

Involve Regional and International Bodies: Organizations like ECOWAS and the African Union can provide diplomatic support and ensure impartiality in mediation efforts.

Implement Long-Term Peacebuilding: Establish initiatives aimed at reconciliation, economic empowerment, and addressing historical grievances to create a foundation for sustainable peace.

Conclusion

The Mamprusis-Kusasis conflict in Bawku is a deeply entrenched dispute requiring a multifaceted approach to achieve resolution. By applying Beer and Stief’s conflict analysis framework, mediators can navigate the complexities of this conflict, moving beyond rigid positions to address shared interests and mutual concerns. With a focus on dialogue, impartiality, and long-term strategies, there is hope for lasting peace and prosperity in Bawku.