Unmasking the Silent Plague: The Harsh Reality of Diabetes Stigma in Africa

In the heart of Africa, where vibrant cultures and communities thrive, a silent yet profound battle unfolds daily. It's not a struggle against invading armies or natural disasters, but rather an invisible adversary that wields equally devastating effects: diabetes stigma.

Diabetes stigma is a dark cloud that casts its shadow over the lives of those courageously navigating this condition. It encompasses negative attitudes, unfounded beliefs, harmful stereotypes, and the painful sting of discrimination all directed towards individuals bravely managing diabetes. Recent research has unveiled a shocking truth—diabetes stigma in Africa is alarmingly prevalent, affecting up to 70% of individuals living with the condition (Akyirem and Ekpor, 2023). The findings of the study paint a grim picture. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Africa are frequently labeled as "having HIV," "nearing their death," or "wasting resources." These derogatory labels stem from a lack of awareness and understanding of diabetes, often fueled by myths and misconceptions. Such stigma doesn't just hurt emotionally; it also has tangible consequences for the health and well-being of those affected.

The Impact of diabetes stigma

• Low quality of life: The constant fear of being labelled and judged can lead to anxiety, depression, and social isolation. These psychological burdens not only affect mental health but also exacerbate the physical symptoms of diabetes.
• Disease Concealment: In an attempt to avoid the harsh judgment and ostracism that often accompany a diabetes diagnosis, many individuals resort to concealing their condition. They may skip medications or hide their insulin injections, risking their health to avoid the stigma. This concealment not only worsens their medical outcomes but also perpetuates the cycle of misinformation and prejudice surrounding diabetes.
• Avoidance of Self-Management Behaviours: Diabetes management requires daily self-care, including monitoring blood sugar levels, following a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. However, the stigma associated with diabetes often discourages individuals from adhering to these crucial self-management behaviours. The fear of being labelled as a burden to society can lead to neglecting one's health, which, in turn, results in serious complications.

Breaking the Chains of Diabetes Stigma

The prevalence of diabetes stigma in Africa is a grave concern, but it is not an insurmountable challenge. To combat this stigma, a multifaceted approach is essential. Firstly, raising awareness and education campaigns should be developed to dispel myths and misconceptions about diabetes while emphasizing its complex nature. Additionally, promoting early detection through regular check-ups, advocating for supportive policies, and empowering individuals with diabetes through support groups and self-management education are crucial steps. Healthcare providers should receive training in diabetes care and cultural sensitivity, and media outlets should be engaged to share positive stories. Collaboration with community leaders, schools, workplaces, and international organizations is also vital in addressing diabetes stigma in Africa.

Note: The findings presented in this article are based on research co-authored by the author of this piece.

Sources: Akyirem, S., & Ekpor, E. (2023). Experience of stigma among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review. International Health, ihad045. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad045