World Bank calls on African Governments to urgently restore macro-economic stability to protect the poor

The World Bank has called on African Governments to urgently restore macroeconomic stability and protect the poor in the context of slow growth, and high inflation, stressing that global headwinds are slowing Africa’s economic growth.

The World Bank revealed that as countries continue to contend with rising inflation, it is hindering progress on poverty reduction and the risk of stagflation comes at a time when high interest rates and debt are forcing African governments to make difficult choices as they try to protect people’s jobs, purchasing power and development gains.

The World Bank stated in its latest Africa’s Pulse, a biannual analysis of the near-term regional macroeconomic outlook, economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) made available to the Communication for Development and Advocacy Consult (CDA Consult) in Tema by Mr Kennedy Fosu, WB External Affairs Officer, Western and Central Africa-External and Corporate Relations.

According to the report, analysis of the near-term regional macroeconomic outlook, economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is set to decelerate from 4.1 percent in 2021 to 3.3 percent in 2022, a downward revision of 0.3 percentage points.

The report revealed that since April’s Pulse forecast, mainly as a result of a slowdown in global growth, including flagging demand from China for commodities produced in Africa.

It said the war in Ukraine is exacerbating already high inflation and weighing on economic activity by depressing both business investments and household consumption.

The WB report said as of July 2022, 29 of 33 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with available information had inflation rates over 5 percent while 17 countries had double-digit inflation.

“These trends compromise poverty reduction efforts that were already set back by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Mr. Andrew Dabalen, World Bank Chief Economist for Africa quoted in the report.

He said “What is most worrisome is the impact of high food prices on people struggling to feed their families, threatening long-term human development. This calls for urgent action from policymakers to restore macro-economic stability and support the poorest households while reorienting their food and agriculture spending to achieve future resilience.”

Mr. Dabalen explained that elevated food prices are causing hardships with severe consequences in one of the world’s most food-insecure regions.

“Hunger has sharply increased in SSA in recent years driven by economic shocks, violence, conflict, and extreme weather as more than one in five people in Africa suffer from hunger and an estimated 140 million people faced acute food insecurity in 2022, up from 120 million people in 2021, according to the Global Report on Food Crises 2022 Mid-Year Update.

According to the World Bank report the interconnected crises come at a time when the fiscal space required to mount effective government responses is all but gone.

In many countries, public savings have been depleted by earlier programmes to counter the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, though resource-rich countries in some cases have benefited from high commodity prices and managed to improve their balance sheet, it stated.

According to the WB, debt is projected to stay elevated at 58.6 percent of GDP in 2022 in SSA.

It said African governments spent 16.5 percent of their revenues servicing external debt in 2021, up from less than 5 percent in 2010. Eight out of 38 IDA-eligible countries in the region are in debt distress, and 14 are at high risk of joining them.

At the same time, high commercial borrowing costs make it difficult for countries to borrow on national and international markets, while tightening global financial conditions are weakening currencies and increasing African countries’ external borrowing costs.

The WB said this challenging environment makes it essential to improve the efficiency of existing resources and to optimize taxes.

According to the report in the agriculture and food sector, for example, governments have the opportunity to protect human capital and climate-proof food production by re-orienting their public spending away from poorly targeted subsidies toward nutrition-sensitive social protection programs, irrigation works, and research and development known to have high returns.

“For example, one dollar invested in agricultural research yields, on average, benefits equivalent to $10, while gains from investments in irrigation are also potentially high in SSA.

“Such reprioritization maintains the level of spending in a critical sector, while raising productivity, building resilience to climate change, and achieving food security for all.

“Creating a better environment for agribusiness and facilitating intra-regional food trade could also increase long-term food security in a region that is highly dependent on food imports,” the report stated.