The Importance of Presidential Debates in Ghanaian Elections: To Debate or Not to Debate?

Presidential debates are vital platforms for voters to evaluate political candidates' competence, vision, and authenticity. In Ghana, where elections are often marked by emotional appeals, populist rhetoric, and lofty promises, debates offer an essential space for scrutiny. These forums allow the electorate to compare candidates directly, assess their preparedness, and observe their performance in high-pressure public settings.

Refusing to participate in debates, as the NDC presidential candidate recently did by labeling their opponent a "liar," undermines the democratic process. While dishonesty in politics is a legitimate concern, avoiding debates raises questions about a candidate's transparency and readiness to face public scrutiny. Debates provide an opportunity to address critical national issues, and opting out suggests evasion rather than engagement.

One of the primary functions of presidential debates is holding candidates accountable for their promises. In Ghana, where campaign rhetoric often centers on infrastructure, job creation, and anti-corruption measures, debates compel candidates to move beyond vague statements and outline specific, actionable policies. This level of public scrutiny is hard to achieve through tightly controlled media campaigns, where candidates can avoid direct questioning. A debate forces candidates to defend their record and explain how they plan to tackle the country's pressing issues.

For instance, corruption remains a significant challenge in Ghana, with both major parties frequently claiming to combat it. In a debate, candidates must move beyond rhetoric and offer concrete solutions to address inefficiencies and root out corruption. This public accountability is critical in a democracy and helps voters distinguish between genuine commitments and empty promises.

Debates also provide insight into a candidate's temperament and leadership class. Governing requires more than well-crafted speeches; it demands quick thinking on one's feet, composure, and the ability to make sound decisions under pressure. Voters benefit from observing how candidates respond to tough questions and challenges, providing a clearer picture of their suitability for leadership. Without this scrutiny, the electorate must judge candidates based solely on rehearsed appearances.

Beyond evaluating individual candidates, debates foster civic engagement. In Ghana, where voter turnout has fluctuated in recent elections, public debates can generate interest and motivate citizens to participate in politics. They focus national attention on the issues at stake and encourage more informed voting, helping to combat apathy and disengagement.

The refusal to debate sends a message that candidates are unwilling to engage with the public fully. This behavior undermines democratic values and alienates voters, discouraging them from actively participating in elections. Debates hold candidates accountable and encourage political participation by ensuring that voters have access to a more transparent electoral process.

Presidential debates also allow opposition candidates, especially those from smaller parties, to present their ideas. In Ghana, where the NPP and NDC dominate the political landscape, debates provide a rare platform for other parties to share their vision with a national audience. This inclusiveness strengthens democracy by offering voters a broader range of perspectives, ensuring that the voices of all citizens are heard. Without debates, smaller parties and independent candidates are often sidelined due to a lack of resources and media presence.

Public debates also contribute to the credibility of elections by promoting transparency. In a country where concerns about electoral fairness persist, debates demonstrate candidates' commitment to an open and accountable democratic process. By avoiding debates, candidates risk creating an impression of dishonesty or a lack of confidence in their policies.

In conclusion, presidential debates are essential for a healthy democratic process. They allow voters to critically assess candidates and their policies, foster civic engagement, and enhance the credibility of elections. Refusing to participate in debates undermines transparency and disrespects the electorate. Presidential debates must become a central feature of Ghanaian elections to ensure a transparent and informed electoral process.