NJIKO IGBO, THE WAY FORWARD: Who Is The Igbo? What Is The Origin Of The Word Igbo?

Ex Abia State governor Orji Uzor Kalu, Publisher of The Sun Newspapers

On Thursday the 6th of June 2013, I was reading the daily Sun newspaper and saw an advertorial on its page 45 purportedly issued by a Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu led group that calls itself Njiko Igbo. The advertorial was signed by Senator S.N.Anyanwu as Chairman and a Senator Emmanuel Onwe as Director of Operations. The advertorial had a phone number at the top/right end, a website address, a twitter address and an Email address.

I immediately called the GSM phone number and asked if I could speak to the published Chairman-Senator Anyanwu and introduced myself. An aggressive voice answered saying he was Mr. Brady Chijioke Nwosu. The Mr. Nwosu said that my own Njiko Igbo was notknown to the Corporate Affairs Commission[CAC] and that I was trying to clone their 'NJIKO IGBO' just as a group was trying to clone the APC[All Progressive Alliance]political merger group. I told him that I coined that phrase/word and have been using it for over 30 years and that they whose group was barely a year old must be the ones cloning it.I told him that I was emailing documents to him and letters dated more than twenty years earlier to prove beyond reasonable or unreasonable doubts that indeed Njiko Igbo was originally founded by me at Enugu in 1983, but Mr. Brady Nwosu said he was they were not interested in any facts and rather warned me for my own safety to keep off.

I wonder how many cultural organizations in Nigeria, how many town unions, social clubs etc, are registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission[CAC]. I wonder if the Ohaneze, Afenifere,Arewa Consultative Forum are registered with the CAC. Indeed, there is no honor among thieves.

ANALYSING THE ORJI UZOR KALU CAMPAIGN LOGO
Interestingly, for about one year now that Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu and his co-travellers have been claiming to have founded and operating their version of NJIKO IGBO their logo/emblem is appearing for the first time on their Daily Sun newspaper advertisement. But analyzing their logo campaign logo[for that is what it is],a few things come to mind:

1,Their emblem/logo is/symbol is strictly concentrated on the Igbo of the South Eastern states of Enugu, Anambra, Abia, Imo and Ebonyi states. The Igbos of Delta, Rivers, Benue, Kogi and so on are completely left out of it.

The truth is that there are many separate Igbo indigenous communities in all the states that have boundaries with the core Igbo states of Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Abia and Ebonyi states.

2 There is no cultural Igbo insignia, symbol or totem in the Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu's campaign logo which he and his group would have us believe is an Njiko Igbo logo or emblem.

3, Clearly, it is an attempt to cook up in a hurry some form of emblem after they have been confronted with the over 30 years old emblem of the original Njiko Igbo cultural organization founded in Enugu in 1983.

4, Any comparism of the emblem of the original Njiko Igbo and the fake/cloned version being paraded by Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu and his co-travelers reveals that the original is like the glaring sun while the fake is like a wicker lamp.

THE TRUTH,THE WHOLE TRUTH , AND NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH.

The Thursday June 6, 2013 advertorial referred to earlier reeled out figures of what geopolitical zone had been in power for how long and so on. It showed that the North Central zone had been in power for 17years, 11months and 20days; that the North West had been in power for 13years 11months and 10days;the South West -11years,10months and 15days, the North East-5years,3months and 15days;the South South -5years,23days and the South East-6months and 13days.

But the advertisement did not tell us that the leader of the group that placed the advert and the owner of the newspaper-The daily Sun, where the advertisement was placed was one of those that denied the South East[NdiIgbo] of 8years of Executive Presidency under Dr. Alex Ekwueme. The activities of Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu at the convention of the Peoples Democratic Party[PDP] at Jos where Dr. Alex Ekwueme , the prime founder of the party was manipulated out and the mandate given to Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo who thereby added 8years to the duration he had as a military Head of State.Kalu was besides himself in his enthusiasm to make sure that the South East lost that chance. By the way, it must be said clearly that since the end of the civil war/genocide, the brightest opportunity that the South East[Ndi Igbo] had ever had towards producing the president of Nigeria was that that Kalu and his cohorts denied us in 1999.

CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.
It was a Christian, not a Muslim that murdered Tafawa Balewa;it was also a Christian, not a Muslim that murdered general Aguyi-Iroinsi;it was also a Christian, not a Muslim that presided over the genocide committed against the Igbos. Even the inhuman policies of Obafemi Awolowo complained about by Chinua Achebe of confiscation of all monies deposited by Igbos in Nigerian banks before the commencement of hostilities and paying them #20[twenty pounds]in its place each and initiating indigenization decree that ensured that other Nigerians bought up lucrative government investments and companies while the Igbos looked helplessly on, was done by a Christian and not by a Muslim.

Indeed, ninety nine percent of all atrocities committed in the middle belt against the Igbos and their kin of eastern Nigeria-like the disemboweling of pregnant women and killing of the unborn children that were occasioned when trains carrying Igbo fleeing populations from the north to the east were stopped on the Benue bridge were perpetrated by Christians , and not by Muslims.

One is not trying to say that northern Muslims have not had their share of numerous atrocities against Igbo. But rather to say that to insinuate that Muslims alone have been wronging Igbo as implied by the Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu and group in the said publication is to say the least false.`

WHY THE IGBOS ARE SUFFERING.
'Can you see the division among us and its effects? This is our greatest obstacle. I sometimes wonder how this will turn out. Before we can ever effectively face down the foe, we must have had long since learned to share, trust, communicate and live harmoniously with each other'-George Jackson.

The Igbo are the most populated Nigerians. The Igbo are the most hard working Nigerians; The Igbo believe in Nigeria more than any other ethnic group; The Igbo are spread allover Nigeria and can be found in the most remote and in every remote parts of the country; The Igbo are second to no other race on earth in intelligence or academic excellence, yet the Igbo are the most down trodden of all Nigerians and the most marginalizedWHY?

I have long wondered as to the reasons for this most unfortunate state of things and have for the end of the civil war pondered as ton why it is so as well as to the way out of this sorry state of things.

I love the Igbo so much. I love being Igbo. In fact,, I love Igbo so much that I named my first child that was born in March 1987, Igboamaka, a name which I coined myself, just as I had coined the name ,NJIKO IGBO in 1983.

After all researches, I have come to the conclusion that the Igbo were paying for the atrocities that their forebears committed against their own kith and kin. Historical findings show that of all ethnic nationalities on earth, the Igbos more than any other have sold their own into slavery. Scores of millions of Igbos were sold into slavery by their fellow Igbos. Millions of their sick brethren were feed to fishes in the oceans when their state of health deteriorated during the transatlantic slave trade.

Unless and until the Igbos do true atonements for the above stated atrocities, they can never know a better tomorrow. As William Shakespeare said in one of his books: THE FAULT IS NOT IN OUR STARS , BUT IN OURSELVES.

As the Igbos bemoan their fate in , and reassess their faith in Nigeria and pray for salvation, they must make truth their watch word and the Bible which they are very fond of says : And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall set you free.

Igbos must admit grievous mistakes they have made as well as acknowledge the things they do and did right.

As the Igbos pray for true Federalism in Nigeria, they must recognize that it was an Igbo-Gen. Aguyi-Ironsi who abrogated the 1963 Federal Constitution and make the nation a unitary state which has since trapped Ndigbo.All the efforts of Dim Odumegwu Ojukwu at Aburi on confederalism was to release us from the trap set by Aguyi-Ironsi.

The Igbos must acknowledge that Ironsi made a terrible mistake , no matter how well intended, and this mistake following in the wake of the first military coup contributed to the aggravated mistrust and anger that led to the pogrom in which more than 50,000 Igbos were mercilessly slaughtered in the North in one day as well as the genocide that followed thereafter.

Igbos own more than half of all houses in Abuja, where the norm is that any intending tenant must first pay two years rent upfront; which Igbo ever considered any fellow Igbo for leniency simply on account of his/her being Igbo?

More than half of all hotels in Abuja are owned by Igbos, but more than two/third of all prostitutes in Abuja who service the sexual desires of all who can afford it in Abuja are equally Igbos.It must be realized that before the civil war of 1967-1970, prostitution was unknown in Igboland and all maidens were expected to be virgins until given out in marriage.

Approach the average Igbo civil servant, sorry, civil master, and address him or her in Igbo language and see if you do not get an angry response in English language, whether well spoken or not!

In Igboland, which community is not in court with its neighboring communities on all sides on account of land matters?

THREE [3] STAGES FOR IGBO [NDI IGBO] LIBERATION, EMANCIPATION AND RENAISSANCE.

1, WITHIN IGBOLAND.
As Charity begins at home, any true or genuine liberation, emancipation and renaissance of the Igbos must start within Igboland and between Igbos. It must start with Igbos learning to love , cherish and protect themselves and building a brotherly bond amongst them.

As it is today, all talk about Igbo solidarity is untruth and mere hypocrisy. If today there is turmoil in any other part of Nigeria, say, Abuja, Lagos, Kano, Jos,and non natives of such places are forced to flee for their lives, an average Hausa transporter would donate the services of his vehicle to ferry other Hausa back home, if possible free of charge. The Yoruba would do the same. But for the Igbo ones, the cost of boarding his vehicle back to Igboland[Ala Igbo] would more than double within a twinkle of an eye. Is that love?

Marcus Mosiah Garvey said:
' Those who make or accumulate their wealth by robbing, exploiting and plundering the innocent, ignorant and helpless of humanity , are worse than murderers and hardened criminals. They are fiend and should be outlawed and ostracized from society, caring not how munificent their alter gift and philanthropy to care for those they have already morally destroyed or harmed'

Take a look at the home of the late Biafran leader. Less than one year after his demise and his kith and kin are in court trying to evict and traumatize his widow, Bianaca and her children-,children of Ojukwu also. It is a s if Bianca's father the late Chief C.C.Onoh had forseen such wickedness on the part of Ojukwu's people[the Nnewis], which could have been why he was mostreluctact to accept Dim Ojukwu as an inlaw. I recall that I, AND Dr.[Chief] Hycent Uzoewulu[Owelle Ifitte dunu]went regularly to Ngwu to plead with CVhief Onoh to accept Dim Ojukwu as in-law and accept bride price from his hand.

And by the way, let me use this opportunity to send a message to the Nnewi that we of Enugu, the Wawas are watching how they are dealing with our daughter Bianca with growing anger.

SOUTH EAST ECONOMIC SUMMIT : 2008
In 2008 Dr. Orji Uzor Kalu through his newspaper-the Daily Sun organised a political summit which they termed SOUTH EAST ECONOMIC SUMMIT at the Concorde Hotel Owerri, but going through their list of invitees and the prioritization it is clear that it was intended as a political gathering to seek for political eminence and simply tagged ECONOMIC SUMMIT because the organizers are patently dishonest and can never fly straight in their lives.

Economic summits are not led by politicians. They can be led by statesmen, but not certainly not by politicians fixated on the next elections.

See the list and their order of invitations:
Those expected at the Summit which is strictly by invitation include South-East present and past Governors, Deputy Governors, Deputy Senate President, Senators, Members of the House of Representatives, Members of the State Houses of Assembly, Commissioners, Vice Chancellors of Universities located in the East, Traditional Rulers, Chambers of Commerce, town Unions, leading Entrepreneurs, Professional Associations, Ohaneze, international development partners, Civil Society Organizations, Political leaders and captains of industry.

Philosophers, thinkers, researchers and intellectuals lead economic renaissances followed by business men, who follow after the path has been charted and marked.

We all know the saying that the stone that the builders rejected , shall be the chief corner stone. I say that most of the people who could have given meaning to the so called South East Economic Summiot were rejected by the dishonest organizers and to prove the point , I ask- What became of the summit? What has been its benefit to Ndigbo?

POPULATION CENSUS
At the aftermath of the last population census exercise when Igbos were complaining that the exercise was deliberately and ominously skewed against them, I had advised Igbo leaders that the Igbo should find a way to comprehensively and effectively conduct their own census exercise, if for nothing else, then for themselves.

Which reminds me? The original proposition to the Abia State Government, Abia State University and to Igbo organizations and leaders of the early eighties urging for the endowment for the center for Igbo studies strongly advocated for a comprehensive world wide Igbos who is who.

CONFERENCE OF ALL CAHIRMAN AND SECRETARIES OF ALL IGBO TOWN UNIIONS AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATIONS.

We need to urgently convene a meeting of the chairmen and secretaries of all the town unions in five south eastern states of Igboland as well as those other Igbo communities in other parts of Nigeria to look into many pressing and not so pressing issues.

The Agenda should be :
1,Security of Ndigbo in Igboland, Nigeria and globally.

2,Stopping of all manners of atrocities going on in Igboland such as kidnapping, prostitution and rapping of grand mothers and so on.

3,Bringing about mass participatory governance in Igboland.

Census and Igbos who is who.
4, Center for Igbo studies and civilization.
5, Unification of Igbos in Alaigbo and world wide.
Ndigbo whose ancestors invented democracy must bring about mass participatory democracy in Igboland. Make it work perfectly and then gradually export it to other parts of Nigeria and black Africa and the world.

Also since every armed robber in Nigeria, every terrorist, petty or major,. Schooled or unschooled is brandishing AK 47 automatics assault rifles and can unleash violence at us without any provocations, we must prevail on our state governments and legislators at the federal levels to make laws to ease access to firearms for all interested responsible and law abiding Ndigbo and other citizens of Nigeria to help defend themselves .

MASSOB

MASSOB , the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign sate of Biafra is a movement which has caught the imagination of many Nigerians, but I on my part have many reservations about its motive, modus operandi .

1, The Biafra of 1967 to 1970 which was lead by the late Dim Chukwuemeka OJukwu was geographically composed of the South East states as well as most of the South South states of the present day Nigeria. At the declaration of Biafra , through out the duration of the civil war and up till date many prominent members of the South South had and have consistently complained that they were not consulted before the declaration and that they do not support it. To continue to include them in the MASSOB's project it therefore to say the least insensitive , insulting and preposterous.

If the Igbos want a separate nation by what ever name so called they must fashion out a new name for themselves such as a PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF IGBOLAND.

2,Anyone who wishes to carve out a separate nation of Igbos must do so democratically and in modern times must consider methods such as a referendum to find out if indeed it is the wish and aspiration of the majority of Igbos.

3, The method of operation of MASSOB from inception to the present is not only uncivilized but sometimes borders on pure terrorism. I recall at one time when MASSOB took exceptions to the utterances of the founder and the pioneer National Chairman of the ALL PROGRESSIVE GRAND ALLIANCE[APGA], Chief Chekwas Okorie and MASSOB declared that they would strip him naked over his disagreement with Chief Emeka Ojukwu. Well Odumegwu Ojukwu was a very great man and one of the greatest men that Igbo land has ever produced but he was not God. He was an Igbo MAN and it is most UN IGBO to threaten to strip a respected Igbo leader , or any human being for that matter naked on account of his disagreement with another human being.

4, Apart from strutting all over the place shouting about a separate and sovereign state of Biafra, the MASSOB have not demonstrated any ideology, program or what so ever of governing a nation as to enable people to weigh their maturity or otherwise.

At this point , I must ask the MASSOB:
1, Have3 we taken stock of the civil was experiences?

2, Have we established the number and identities of all who died in the course of that war?

3, What have we done to the amputees from the war who for over 30 years have been begging by the road side at Orji River?

4,Have we thanked and reciprocated the good gestures of nations like Haiti who were sending us relief food items to save our children from kwashiorkor during that bitter experience?

5, What have we done to the saboteurs s among us who betrayed us in many ways including buying fake and useless ammunitions during that war?

6, How about those who absconded with our monies and used them to set up transport companies after the war?

MASSWOB is putting genuine Igbo leaders as well as the Ohaneze into terrible predicaments. MASSOB consistently takes the wrong steps and expect everyone to join them in whatever venture catches their fancy, no matter how ill conceived. When some Igbo leaders fail to join them, they are called all sorts of names. It is high time we put a stop to this arrant nonsense!

They say that Mr. Ralph Uwazurike, the leader of MASSOB was ordained or anointed by Dim Odumegwu Ojukwu. But I ask- Who Anointed or ordained Ojukwu in his time?

The tr4uth is as the saying goes: Commet the hour. Commet the man.

Ojukwu was the right man to lead the Igbos at the time he did, and Ndigbo will forever be grateful to him for that , but that in no way conferred him with any monopoly of wisdom or love for Igbo land for that matter and did not make him an ever lasting king to anoint other successive kings for us . We are Igbos . wee republicans and democrats be nature and we reject any form of oligarchy or dynasty by what ever guise! we say NO. I say ,,NoWaah-Wa.

BY the way, I had approached MASSOB through Chief Rommy Ezeonwuka and through other identifiable and accessible operatives of the organization urging them to borrow a leaf from the books of Se. Ahmed Bola Tinubu, the leader and founder of the Action Congress of Nigeria[CAN] and either massively join an existing political party and democratically win elections into elective positions of authority or alternatively, float a political party of their own.. I explained that if for instance MASSOB produced all[or majority of ]Governors, Senators, members of the House of Representatives and of the various Houses of Assembly in the zone , as well as Chairmen and councilors of the zone ,..that what ever objective the organization had in mind would be more easily and peacefully achieved. I even offered to appeal to offices of the African Renaissance Party[ARP] before its de-registration by the Independent National Electoral Commission[INEC] ,for the MASSOB to be allowed to take over the structures of the party in the entire South East; I made the same offer to the militants of the Niger Delta and I make the same offer to the Boko Haram in the North East. Whatever we seek, should be done within a democratic and civilized setting.

By the way, that is one of the gravest dangers inherent in the political party de-0registration exercise in Nigeria. There is a saying which we all know which says that: those who make peaceful changes impossible, make violent changes inevitable. Those who fundamentally seek to alter the nature of things in societies such as ours, should be offered peaceful methods of succeeding or failing. In other words they should be given a fair opportunity. That is one of the things that were envisaged by the 1999 constitution in all its defectionsthe guarantee for freedom of association.

BLACK SUPER STATE
Unless Nigeria is renegotiated through a sovereign National Conference[by what ever name called], its days as an indivisible nation are numbered.

The governments of the South East States should shed their revenue allocation mentality and remember that they are Igbos and become creative. They should stop wasting our opportunity seeking who to support for 2015 and face responsibilities at home .

The governments of Enugu, Anambra, Ebonyi, Imo and Abia states should carve out a new state for themselves, a state that will not be interested in the so-called federally allocated revenues but that will seek to set the pace towards self sustenance.

A state that will lead the black world in self sustenance in all ramifications-A BLACK SUPER STATE.

And in this they should rely on the inherent creativity of the Igbos that runs through the veins of all Igbos no matter where you find them on earth.

As Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu said:
"In the three years of the war necessity gave birth to invention. During those three years of heroic bound, we leapt across the great chasm that separates knowledge from know-how. We built rocket, and we designed and built our own delivery systems. We guided our rockets. We guided them far; we guided them accurately. For three years, blockaded without hope of import, we maintained all our vehicles. The state extracted and refined petrol, individuals refined petrol in their back gardens. We built and maintained our airports, maintained them under heavy bombardment. Despite the heavy bombardment, we recovered so quickly after each raid that we were able to maintain the record for the busiest airport in the continent of Africa. We spoke to the world through telecommunication system engineered by local ingenuity; the world heard us and spoke back to us! We built armored cars and tanks. We modified aircraft from trainer to fighters, from passenger aircraft to bombers. In the three years of freedom we had broken the technological barrier. In the three years we became the most civilized, the most technologically advanced black people on earth."

PERSONALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT ACHIEVEMENTS.
There is one provocative madness going on allover Nigeria now and almost all governors in the country are guilty of it. That is the over personalization of state government's achievements.

Wherever one goes to in Nigeria, bill boards of sitting governors are everywhere proclaiming that the governor did or has achieved this or that as if the states were personal estates of the said governors and that whatever the claim to have achieved were don singlehandedly and with their personal monies. Even where state governments provide say buses to ease transport problems in the state, the buses invariably have over bloated pictures of the respective state governors posted allover the vehicles.

State capitals are being disfigured and turned into permanent campaign headquarters of the sitting governors. Simply put, this is arrant nonsense and if other parts of Nigeria accommodate this stupidity, we Igbos should not.

That was not the legacy left by Akanu Ibiam, or Dr. M.I. Okpara , or Dr. Sam Mbakwe.All the crazy bill boards should be pulled down and burnt; be they in Enugu, Anambra, Abia, Ebonyi or Imo states.

MESSAGE FOR OHANEZE.
First of all consider change of name fro OHANEZE to OHAWEZE.

The Njiko Igbo urges you to convene a proper Ndigbo Economic Summit and seek to achieve the following:

1,Set up an Ndigbo Investment Company to be incorporated and massively but pragmatically funded to provide funding for projects and businesses that hold immense benefits for Ndigbo in Igboland, Nigeria and Africa and thereby provide adequate and gainful employment for our youths and thereby eliminate prostitution and other criminal activities.

2,Set up an Ndigbo Development Bank and adequately capitalize it to help provide loans to projects that benefit Ndigbo.

3,Help set up mass participatory system of government for Igbos.

4, Monitor governments at all strata, especially in Igboland.

5Establish cordial relationship with all other ethnic nationalities in Nigeria and become active promoters of good governance allover Nigeria supporting all that is good and opposing all that is bad and evil.

2,NIGERIA.
' The average Nigerian does not feel like he is being represented anywhere in the country, whether at the Federal, State, Local Government, and certainly not by his or her elected members of the State House, House of Representatives, or Senate. In fact, most people do not know who their representative is. Nor do most politicians understand that they are there in any representative capacity ' -Chris Aniedobe[Masterweb Reports]

Ndi Igbo in my opinion are trapped in Nigeria by history, by geography and so on and even if Nigeria were to disintegrate today and spilt into different countries and Igboland becoming a separate country/nation called Biafra or by any other name , Igbos will still continue to relate with other sections of the present day Nigeria. Besides, a thorough study of the Igbos in Nigeria reveals so many startling facts.

1, There are Igbos born and breed in Igboland and who reside in Igboland.

2, There are Igbos who were born and breed outside Igboland among whom some know little or nothing about Igboland and who are completely assimilated into the other parts of Nigeria were they reside presently.

According to the a prominent Igbo being interviewed by Chris Aniedobe

' The truth is that many Ndigbo in Kano are born and raised in Kano.My kids all grew up here,went to University here, speak fluent Hausa, have occasionally visited the South East but otherwise have Hausa friends and see themselves as Nigerians first. In fact they di not think of themselves as Ndigbo. Many Ndigbo have lived here all their lives-30,40,50,60 years. We are Northern Nigerian Igbos not Southern Nigerian Igbos. There are more Igbos in Abuja than in Ebonyi State. Outside Abuja, in the rest of Northern Nigeria, there are more Igbos in any State in the Soth East and we intend to live indefinetly outside the South East as Nigerians.Sir, funny enough, people want to blame us for living out the true meaning of one Nation and funny enough, the policy makers and Hausa and Yoruba journalists speak of Ndigbo as the people who do not want a United Nigeria. I have lived in Kano for a long time, but I can tell you that there are very few people from the Southwest and South South here. We. Ndigbo of Northern Nigeria should be the pride of Nigeria but instead, they treat us as Hausa goats'

3,There are Igbos whether born in Igboland or not are married to non Igbo Nigerians.

4, there are Igbos who due to the immense property the have accumulated and own outside Igboland do not wish for a situation were they will ever be separated from their properties.

5,There have been many Igbos who rose to prominence in other parts of Nigeria who do not wish to be known as Igbos and who are not even believed by most to be Igbos, but are Ndigbo non the less.

No matter how one looks at it , since the Igbos can be found allover Nigeria as of today , it follows that they are either enjoyers or victims of good governance or bad governance.

In my opinion, it will pay the Igbo infinitely to make Nigeria , allover Nigeria a better place for all.

I therefore fervently urge Igbos to join the Peoples Movement for a New Nigeria[PMNN] which is an organization founded to remake Nigeria for the benefit of all.

A PEOPLES MOVEMENT FOR A NEW NIGERIA[PMNN].
'only through the direct and continuous participation of all citizens in political life can the State be bound to the common good or general will'-Rousseau.

Our dear nation Nigeria is in troubled times and we are of the considered opinion that all patriotic hands must be on deck to steer the ship of state out of the murky and troubled waters that it has found itself into waters of tranquility, serenity and progress.

Experience has shown that Nigerians, whether at home or in the Diaspora are so good at analyzing the problems with Nigeria, and when they are engaged in that are tireless, but the moment an attempt is made to steer them away from analyzing the problems to articulating solutions to the problems, they become suddenly tired and loose interest.

the members of the PEOLES MOVEMENT FOR A NEW NIGERIA(PMNN) on the other hand are guided by that maxim that says: PHILOSOPHERS HAVE ANALYSED THE WORLD,WHAT REMAINS IS TO CHANGE IT.

The focus of the PMNN is towards proffering solutions to all identifiable problems besetting the nation and her citizens wherever they may be.

The AIMS and OBJECTIVES of the movement include:
*To bring about equity, justice, peace and progress in Nigeria.

*To promote patriotism through out the length and breadth of Nigeria.

*To organize, collate and synergize the intellectual capital of Nigerians for national and African continental development.

*To promote love and amity amongst and between all the ethnic nationalities that compose Nigeria.

*To make Nigeria a frontline developed country in the world so much so that the average Nigerian in the Diaspora would make it a point to return back in the earliest possible time.

*To bring about a technological revolution in Nigeria that will ensure that in the earliest possible times, Nigeria will not only be manufacturing most if not all her technological requirements but will become a major exporter of manufactured technological products to even the most developed nations of the world today.

*To make Nigeria an agriculturally self sufficient nation that will be a major exporter of agricultural .

products.
*To eradicate all forms of trerrorism through scientific and persuasive, and where possible ,non violect means.

*To turn Nigeria into a super state that will be the pride of black and African peoples,.

*To bring about a Nigerian Peoples Conference which will bring about a truly Nigerian peoples constitution and marshal out a formula for sustainable peaceful coexistence of Nigerians and thereby create a stirring example and nucleus for proper and true Black and African unification and democratization.

*To promote and ensure a mass participatory system of government for the good peoples of Nigeria and ensure that the nation is truly a democratic polity as against an electocratic polity.

*To not only fight corruption in all its ramifications, but to sensitize and mobilize her citizens towards ensuring and guaranteeing full recovery of all stolen public funds and properties.

*To strive for the payment of unemployment allowances for the unemployed in Nigeria who are willing to work but could not find employment.

BOKO HARAM
Perhaps Northern Nigerian Christians and Southern Nigerian Muslims are in the best positions to effectively and comittedly bring about religious harmony in Nigeria.

By virtue of my being an Igbo Muslim, I am naturally and irretrievably in the middle of North/South of Nigerian religious divide and as such bound to take a deeper interest than the average Nigerian in the quest for religious harmony in Nigeria, if nothing else. Therefore for even the sole purposes of self preservance, and survival I must commit myself to finding solutions.

Boko Haram insurgents are ideological rebels and therefore, neither force of arms, nor offer of amnesty has any meaningful capacity to stem their tide. The only option, the only weapon left is therefore necessarily ideological, which is the main point of this proposition.

'' In 2002 a Yemeni Judge, Hamoud Abdulhamid Al-Hitar ,pioneered a religious re-education programme for Islamic militant groups and their supporters in Yemen using theological arguing as a tool for engaging and combating militant ideology.

This programme , which received the attention of London's New Scotland Yard , as well as French and german police, including US diplomats was later adopted by the Saudi government.

Presently, the prototype of the Quranic arbitration measure designed to combat the intellectual and ideological justification for violent extremism is in popularity with a number of countries including Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia adopting similar counter-radicalisation programmes'' -Abdulsalam Ajetunmobi[Senior Lecturer in the Department of public and international law-Afe Babalola University]

Members of the PMNN are desirous to establish state chapters of the movement all over Nigeria, Viz:Abia, Adamawa,Akwa Ibom,Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara, and the Abuja federal capital territory.

We are also desirous of establishing Diaspora chapters in Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, the Bahamas , Bahrain,Bangladesh,Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, The Republic of Congo,Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissua, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, south Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated states of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, san Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Our call to the members of the Nigerian Diaspora is this; Wherever you may be, there must be things that the government and peoples of those nations are doing well and that contains beneficial lessons for our motherland Nigeria. Find those things, master them well and impact them on Nigeria.

Bring back the bests of the worlds that you have been to, bring them back to Nigeria. and let our country be blessed with the very bests that the world holds.

Establish chapters of the PMNN in your countries of domicile. Set up executives to manage your affairs made up of Nigerians that are passionate about the well being of Nigeria..

We must together turn Nigeria around and earn the respect of the world. We do not lack the intelligence, we do not lack the energy, which is why our country men and women are found in leadership positions in the intellectual pinnacles of all human endeavors all over the globe.

Today, the average Nigerian is looked upon with suspicion wherever he goes . In airports, almost allover the world he or she is subjected to special scrutiny and in the eyes of the world, we are presumed guilty of any and all nefarious charges until proven innocent. Nigerian governments aware of this negative perception of us have made weak-kneed efforts to address this the most recent being the REBRANDING program that the chief proponent had to abandoned to pursue senatorial ambitions in the 2011 elections.

The initiative of the PMNN is fundamental and not cosmetic, and is from the bottom up and guaranteed to succeed.

While we may import ideas and technology from all four corners of the globe, or even from outer space we must take care to ensure the imperative Nigerianization of all imports. Our development must be indigenous and native

NIGERIAN POLITICAL PARTIES
No political party in Nigeria is made up exclusively of devils neither is there any composed entirely of angels. All political parties in Nigeria whether in power or not , whether still registered, deregistered or yet to be registered have their good and bad members, their patriotic and unpatriotic officials. Those who are in politics to see how they can contribute to the greatness of the nation as well as those who are in it for what they can make for themselves.

The PMNN seeks to draw its membership from Nigerians of all political party affiliations with the only requirement being that they be patriots, passionate about the improvement of the wellbeing of Nigeria and of Nigerians and be detribalized.

Nigerians who do not belong to and have no immediate intentions of belonging to any of the political parties operating in the country are also welcome. And in this wise, conscious efforts are made to involve progressive non-governmental and civil society organizations.

There is a burning desire to build a national consensus to ensure national harmony.

THE NIGERIAN NATION HAS BEEN CAPTURED AND HELD CAPTIVE BY THE POLITICAL PARTIES IN POWER.

As you are no doubt aware, a bill has been put forward in the Federal house of representatives to amend the laws of the land so that members of the Nigerian Diaspora may be registered to vote and be voted for in subsequent elections. From all indications , the Nigerian National assembly is not enthused about the bill and all attempts are afoot to ridicule and if possible frustrate it. The presenter of the bill for now has been asked by the House to do more work on it before representing it.

At this point, the Nigerian Diaspora should indeed begin to ponder deeply as to why those in authority in Nigeria are not eager to include them in the national electoral/democratic process.

Before the 2011 elections, a world of efforts were made by some members of the Nigerian Diaspora as well as by some patriotic political parties(including the African Renaissance Party), non-governmental organizations and individuals back home in Nigeria to persuade the Nigerian Executive and Legislative arms of government to see the need in the national interest of allowing the Nigerian Diaspora to be part of the nation's electoral/democratic processes, but all came to naught

The view of the PMNN is that the Nigerian Diaspora must wake up now. They have been taken for granted for far too long.

Why are subsequent Nigerian governments always courting them to invest in back home at the same time persistent in disenfranchising them! Why is it that so many nations allover the world make it possible for the members of their Diaspora to participate in their nation's electoral/democratic processes while Nigeria remains adamant despite the fact that the Nigerian Federal legislators are the highest paid in the world!

The Nigerian Diaspora in Angola, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Czech Republic, Fiji, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Iraq, Japan, Laos, Lesotho, Luxemburg, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Netherlands, Oman, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom and Zimbabwe know that the members of the Diaspora of all those nations vote in their legislative elections.

The Diaspora in the following countries vote in their nation's presidential elections:-Afghanistan, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Central African republic, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Tunisia, Venezuela.

In the following countries, their Diaspora vote in both the Legislative and in the Presidential elections;-Argentina, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Croatia, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Georgia, Ghana, Indonesia, Israel, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Philippines, Romania, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Singapore and Syria.

The population of the Nigerian Diaspora is more than the entire population of many countries. The Nigerian Diaspora is conservatively put at over 20 million. The population of Angola is about 15,940,000;Benin ..8,439,000;Botswana1,843,833;Burkina Faso13,228,000;Burundi..7,658,000;Cameroon..17,795,000;Canary Islands..1,995,833;Cape Verde..420,979;Central African Republic..4,216,666;Chad..10,146,000;Comoros..798,000;Cote I'voire..17,654,843;Djibouti..496,374;Equatorial Guinea..504,000;Eritrea..4,401,000;Gabon..1,384,000;Gambia..1,517,000;Guinea..9,402,000;Guinea Bissau..1,584,000;Lesotho..1,795,000;Liberia..3,283,000;Libya..6,036,914;Madagascar..18,606,000;Malawi..12,884,000;Mali..13,518,000;Mauritania..3,069,000;Mauritius..1,219,220;Namibia..2,031,000;Niger..13,957,000;Repubic of Congo..4,072,809;Rwanda..7,600,000;Senegal..11,658,000;Sierra Leone..6,144,562;Togo..10,102,000;Zambia..14,668,000;infact the population of the Nigerian Diaspora is about the entire population of the Republic of Ghana. How on earth can a nation that claims it wants to develop and even says it wants to be among the 20 most developed nations in the world in 2020 disregard the electoral and democratic rights of about 20million of its citizens?

The truth is that the Nigerian nation has been captured and is being held captive by the political parties in power today and the parties do not want competition or even cooperation in any form whether from Nigerians at home or from the Diaspora. As far as they are concerned , the Nigerian nation is a public limited liability company and they are the share holders.

Their agenda is to exclude as many Nigerians as possible, not to include them. That is why they are not enthusiastic about allowing the Nigerian Diaspora to become registered voters, so that they cannot vote for candidates of their choices, neither can they stand for elections in their own country despite the huge and selfless contributions they make to the Nigerian economy.

That is why you hear the parties in power in Nigeria bent on what they call deregistration of certain opposition political parties claiming that the number of political parties in Nigeria is too much at 63 when a nation like Tunisia with far smaller population than Nigeria just concluded an election weeks ago where more than 100 political parties participated. They claim that many political parties in Nigeria are registered and exist only to collect grants from the federal government but they do not wish the public to know that its more than two(2) years since INEC stopped giving grants to the parties ,neither do they want the world to know that even while they were giving grants to the parties, that the grant an party was being given for its operations for a year was never about half of what the least paid federal legislator was collecting per month.

The state electoral commissions are in all states of Nigeria set up, funded and controlled a hundred percent by the parties in power in those states, which is why in the just concluded local government elections in Lagos state, the party in power there ignored all rules of decorum, fairness and democratic practices and simply by hook and crook openly imposed its candidates and while the world was crying foul, went ahead to swear them into officea culture of impunity at its worst!

Which is why in states where local government elections were concluded before the current governors took over, the governors simply dissolved the local government councils and replaced them with their direct appointees as in Imo state.

Strangely, the local governments are supposed to form the very foundations of the Nigerian democratic governance superstructure.

In the federal government and in all the states of the Nigeria state, the parties in power use government funds and other materials directly and openly and without any inhibitions whatsoever to fund their political parties and candidates in total contempt of the so called Code of conduct guide the activities of political parties in Nigeria.

While all these political and social atrocities go on, the proclaimed leaders of the Nigerian Diaspora openly and shamelessly work hand in glove with the governments to wreck havoc on their motherland for paltry financial gains.

It is imperative therefore that the members of the Nigerian Diaspora all over the world should put heir houses in order and immediately remove all unpatriotic leaders from office and replace them with those who would place Nigeria first before political parties and financial gains.

The financial and economic crisis hitting Europe and the United States of America, couples with global warming and radical changes in the geopolitics of the nations of the world combine to draw the ears of the Nigerian Diaspora to take the issue of proper governance , real and open democracy in the motherland Nigeria more seriously as their nations of domicile currently may not remain exactly what it use to be in no too distant future, and home Nigeria will have more bearings in their lives as have hitherto been the case.

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3,AFRICA.
''African Renaissance is a movement unanimously decided upon by all African Heads of States to revive and upgrade traditional African ways of life[culture, music, technology, medicine, arts, etc] that we have lived by for thousands, possibly millions of years. We Africans sincerely believe many of our traditional values, cultures, arts, medicine etc, can inform modern civilization and the renaissance is about reviving and mainstreaming these cultural treasures in the emerging world culture''

CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN POLITICAL PARTIES.
My pathological commitment to the Igbo course caused me to belief that Igbos would be a trillion times better of within a unified Africa, than in a separate Nigerian state. That is one of the reasons why the African Renaissance Party[ARP] which I founded and which I still lead, have been doing everything within its powers to help bring about an African unification. Incidentally, I am also an Executive of the African Unification front[AUF] as well as the International Chairman of the African Revolutionary Movement[ARM].

At the launching of the African Renaissance Party[ARP] at the Abuja Cultural center on Sunday the 1st of October 2000, the party had launched a [project to secure 100 million signatories of Africans in support of African unification. In 2007 the party also tried to organize a conference of all political parties in African to synergize to bring about a true African unification and even tried to get the African Union to support it in this initiative. Eventually the party constructed and hosted a website:www.africanpoliticalparties.com and hosted the conference on the internet. In 2010 when I was invited to Pretoria, South Africa by the African Union and the Institute of African Renaissance Studies[IARS] to deliver a lecture entitled; THE WAY FORWARD FOR AFRICAN RENAISSANCE: DEMOCRACY, NOT ELECTOCRACY,I had tried to use the opportunity to persuade the African National Congress[ANC] of South Africa to help bring about such a conference.

I am happy that just last month such a conference was organized in Khartoum to which the National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party[PDP] led a delegation and participated actively.

THE IGBOS SHOULD LEAD THE CAMPAIGN FOR AFRICAN CULTURAL RENAISSANCE.

''Be as proud of your race today as our fathers were in the days of yorewe have a beautiful history, and we shall creat another in the future that will astonish the world''-Marcus Mosiah Garvey.

Prof. Chinua Achebe came to world lime light with the book, THINGS FALL APART, and his last work of world acclaim as the eagle perched on the Iroko tree took flight was ,THERE WAS ONCE A COUNTRY. Anyone who has critically analyzed THINGS FALL APART would agree with me that it portrayed the falling apart of the fabric that held the Igbo society/country/nation/community-together-their cultural essences.

In truth the episode of the cultural bonds or substructure of the Igbo nation that was destroyed, suspended or disjointed principally by western/imperialist incursions into Igboland was replicated in most of the other nations of Black Africa.

African leaders, intellectuals, thinkers and philosophers came to the realization that without a cultural renaissance, black Africa would forever be left behind in the march of human civilization and national realizations. Therefore on May 23 2010 in Accra , Ghana, the African Union launched the African Cultural Renaissance Campaign. At the event were Presidents Abdulaye Wade of Senegal, John Atta Mills of Ghana, and Kenneth Kaunda-former Zambian President. Also at the event were African Commission leaders, such as the Deputy Chairperson Mr. Erastus Mwencha and the Social Affairs Commissioner Advocate Bience Gawanas. The event was also witnessed by many politicians, diplomats, students and other guests. In all about 600 people attended the occasion .

As explained at the event, the aim of the campaign for the African Cultural Renaissance: is to promote pan Africanism, cultural renewal and identity as forming part of the shared values in the continent.

Listed as components of the campaign were:
Promotion of African cultural values including African Languages so that their potential is explored and used to the maximum effect in order to reinforce a sense of identity among Africans.

*Promotion of the ratification of the charter of the African cultural renaissance to ensure its entry into force.

*Popularization and promotion of the effective implementation of the charter at all levels of society through various activities that will-

A, ensure the ownership of the charter by member states, cultural stakeholders, civil society organizations and the public at large.

B, ensure the preservation of Africa's rich cultural practices whilst also campaigning against harmful traditional practices.

It is in pursuance of the quest for African continental integration that the African Union Commission has launched the three year campaign on the theme: PROMOTING TOGETHER THE AFRICAN CULTURAL RENAISSANCE.

The Igbo should take the campaign for African cultural renaissance to heart, internalize it totally and strive to make Igboland the very epicenter of its continental and global campaign, as Florence and Venice were the epicenters of the European Renaissance.

This is the only way to answer the questions raised by Chinua Achebe's THINGS FALL APART.

Besides, the Igbo should wake up and embrace the fantastic opportunitystaring them in the face and realize that the tourism potentials and the gains accrueable through it to Igboland is many times more than the revenues derivable from oil for the Niger Delta.The Igbo should borrow from the foresight of one of their own-KING JAJA OF OPOBO and turn itself into the power base of the black race both financially and other wise.

As Dr. Nnamdi azikiwe said:
Educate the Renascent African to be a man. Tell him that he has made definite contributions to history. Educate him to appreciate the fact that iron was discovered by Africans; that the conception of one God was initiated by Africans; that Africas ruled the world from 763 to 713 B.C.; that while Europe slumbered during the dark ages, a great civilization flourished on the banks of the Niger extending from the salt mines of Taghaza in Morocco , to Lake Chad right to the Atlantic. Narrate to him the lore of Ethiopia, Ghana, Melle, Mellestine and Songhay.

Let him realize with the rest of the world that while Oxford and Cambridge were in their inchoate stages, the University of Sankore in Timbuctoo welcomed scholars and learned men from all over the moslem world.

We must reeducate ourselve4s and our children for as Chancellor Williams said:

''To be educated by an oppressor and not understand, thoroughly the purpose of that education, and to teach with the lack of knowledge, is to use a constructive process for destruction, that process has a sweet taste, but the substance is as lethal as poison.''

Many things now pass as education. We speak easily and commonly about free education and so on, but have we wondered about the quality or content or context of the so called education?

Since the coming of the white man-the European imperialists, education has been replaced with schooling and we have consistently been taught rubbish designed to keep us perpetually in bandage both intellectual and otherwise. Not only in Igboland or in Nigeria, but allover black Africa. This is one of the reasons why we are principally a consumptive society and producing nothing. Our leaders or rather rulers, from the president to the councilor, are comfortable driving and flying around in foreign made cars and airplanes we are comfortable in foreign ships , we use foreign phone sets, television sets and so on. When our rulers fall sick to are flown in foreign airplanes to foreign hospitals to be attended to by foreign medical doctors.. It has even become fashionable to die aboard. What I do not understand yet is why we do not prefer to be buried abroad!

2015
As we approach 2015, Ndigbo and indeed the rest of Nigeria must realize that what Nigeria needs is not an Igbo President, or an Ijaw President , or a Hausa/Fulani President or what have you,. What Nigeria needs is a Nigerian President. After all, there are over 250 ethnic nationalities/groups in Nigeria and if we allot 250 multiplied by 8years [two terms] , we shall be setting our 2000 years for mediocrity, when shall meritorious governance begin? In the times of our great great grand children?

There are certain questions that we must ask. Has the Blackman fared any better in the United States of America since Barrak Obama became president of that country? What makes some people think that the Igbo of Nigeria would automatically fare any better with the emergence of a Nigerian president of Igbo extraction.?

What we need are square pegs in square holes.
What Ndigbo and the rest of Nigeria need is a Nigerian President, who would indeed and in fact see the whole of Nigeria as his/her constituency . A true statesman with th3 necessary vision and courage to lead Nigeria to the promise land.

Those who are shouting themselves hoarse for a Nigerian president of Igbo extraction should be told that there are many closely guarded secrets in this country. It is possible that there has indeed already been a long serving Nigerian president of Igbo extraction. No, I am not talking of Ironsi! Ironsi was never a president, I am talking of a president. As improbable as it may seem my father even told me of a Sultan of Sokoto who was of Igbo extraction.

Finally, I say to the Igbos that anyone who does not realize that Nigeria is presently sitting on a time bomb and that we need to thread very carefully is a fool. This is not a time to be making foolish ethnocentric, nay, egocentric statements.

Let us be providers of solutions to the nation's nagging problems. Let us caution those who for their own selfish narrow minded political advancement are endangering the lives and properties of fellow Igbos residing in remote and not so remotes parts of the country.

The amalgamation of Nigeria will run its full course next year 2014 and anything can happen! Yes, before 2015.

So, in a nutshell, if you bask me what is the way forward for Ndigbo, I would say that the way forward is to combine the philosophy of Odumegwu Ojukwu with those of Mbonu Ojike, Nwafor Orizu and Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe. Ndigbo should strive for a new and radically restructured Nigeria and from there launch out to partner with black Africans from allover the world to bring about the African renaissance era, which is a sin qua non for a peaceful world.

The Igbo is the original seed. The first of mankind. The father of all mankind. The civilizer of the human race. The creator of human civilizations and the original Blackman. The Igbos taught the world all that it knows in all fundamental fields of human knowledge. The Igbo language is the original language , the root language from which sprang all other languages.

The Igbo language is the language of the gods. We are the first of mankind. Melchezedek that is spoken of in the Bible to whom Abraham paid his tithe is the Igbo. The Igbo is the savior of mankind and without the Igbo there can be no salvation for man.

But the prime position of the Igbo comes at a price. We must lead mankind back to the path of rectitude, holiness, harmony and peace with itself and with the world and with the cosmos.ifn the Igbo do not fulfill this responsibility from God the Igbo would perish . This responsibility is one that can not be relinquished.

Yahaya Ezeemoo Ndu
President
NJIKO IGBO
08082728720